Apoyo social percibido en pacientes con Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes Mellitus tipo II en Atención Primaria y su relación con autopercepción de salud / Social support, self-rated health, treatment adherence and effectiveness in patients with type II diabetes and hypertension

Background: A high level of social support (SS) is associated with better health outcomes in many conditions, such as chronic diseases. Aim : To describe the level of SS in patients with Hypertension and type II Diabetes at Primary Health Care level in Chile and its association with self-rated health, adherence to treatment and better glycemic and blood pressure control. Material and Methods : SS was measured using a social support inventory previously validated in Chile. Self-Rated Health was assessed with a single non-comparative general question; adherence to medication was assessed using the four-item Morisky medication adherence scale. Blood glucose and blood pressure control were also assessed. A logistic regression was performed to estimate Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) and Robust Poisson method to estimate the Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results : Eighty three percent of the 647 participants evaluated high for SS. There was a significant correlation between SS and Self-rated health (POR 2.32; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.19-11.23; PR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07-1.31). No statistically significant association was observed with medication adherence, glycemic or blood pressure control. Conclusions: High levels of SS were found. The association between self-rated health suggests that SS interventions targeting vulnerable subgroups would be worthwhile.

Efectividad de un modelo de manejo de pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes tipo II en atención primaria / Effectiveness of a case management intervention for high blood pressure and type II diabetes in primary health care

Background: Adequate management of high blood pressure (HBP) and Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) is a challenge to the healthcare system in Chile. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a case management (CM) approach to manage HBP and DMII at Primary Healthcare (PHC) level, headed by healthcare technicians with the supervision of registered nurses. Material and Methods: Two primary health care centers were selected. In one the case management approach was used and the other continued with the usual care model. Patients with HBP or DM2 were selected to participate in both centers. The main outcomes were changes blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Results: Three hundred twenty-eight patients were allocated to the intervention group and 316 to control group. At the baseline evaluation, participants at the control health center had better systolic and diastolic BP levels (SBP and DBP), but no difference in glycosylated hemoglobin. After twelve months the adjusted mean difference in HBP patients for SBP was −0.93 (95% conficence intervals (CI) −5.49,3.63) and for DBP was 1.78 (95%CI −2.89,6.43). Among HBP+DMII patients, the mean difference for SBP was −0.51 (95% −0.52,0.49) and for DBP was −3.39 (95%CI −6.07, −0.7). No differences in glycosylated hemoglobin were observed. In a secondary analysis, the intervention group showed a statistically significant higher SBP and DBP reduction than the control group. Conclusions: The case management approach tested in this study had promissory results among patients with high blood pressure.

Hemoperitoneo en el puerperio debido a ruptura de vasos venosos uterinos asociado a endometriosis. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Post-partum hemoperitoneum following uterine vessel rupture associated with endometriosis. Case report and review of the literature

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la epidemiología, etiología, diagnóstico y manejo de la ruptura de vasos uterinos en el embarazo.Materiales y métodos: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 32 años quien desarrolla un hemoperitoneo espontáneo en el puerperio inmediato, secundario a la ruptura de los vasos uterinos superficiales en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, instituto de cuarto nivel, que atiende pacientes del aseguramiento contributivo privado. Se realizó una laparotomía e histerectomía de urgencia en la que se encontró tejido endometrial en cara posterior del útero y en fondo de saco posterior con sangrado venoso activo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas Medline/Pubmed, Ebsco, Ovid y ProQuest a partir de los términos hemoperitoneum, pregnancy, uterine vessel rupture y endometriosis sin limitación de idioma y diseño epidemiológico, publicados desde 1966 hasta la fecha.Resultados: se encontraron 34 artículos de interés, de estos se seleccionaron un total de 13: una guía de práctica clínica, 2 artículos de revisión y 10 reportes de casos. Conclusión: el hemoperitoneo durante el embarazo, como resultado de ruptura de los vasos uterinos, es una complicación rara, de etiología no clara y cuadro clínico poco específico. Para el manejo es necesario realizar un enfoque multidisciplinario, intervención quirúrgica temprana y correcta reposición del volumen intravascular.

Objective: To undertake a review of the literature on the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of uterine vessel ruptures in pregnancy.Materials and methods: A case of a 32 year old woman with spontaneous hemoperitoneum in the immediate post-partum period secondary to a rupture of superficial uterine vessels at Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe, a high complexity institution that provides care to patients with private contributive health insurance coverage. Emergency laparotomy and hysterectomy were performed with a finding of endometrial tissue in the posterior aspect of the uterus and the posterior cul-de-sac, and active venous bleeding. A search of the literature was done in Medline/Pubmed, Ebsco, Ovid and ProQuest, using the terms "hemoperitoneum", "pregnancy", "uterine vessel rupture" and "endometriosis" with no language limitation and epidemiologic design, published since 1966 to this date. Results: Out of 34 articles of interest, 13 were selected: 1 clinical practice guideline, 2 review articles and 10 case reports. Conclusion: Hemoperitoneum in pregnancy, secondary to uterine vessel rupture is a rare complication of unclear etiology and non-specific clinical presentation. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach with early surgical intervention and correct intravascular volume replacement.