RESUMO
RESUMO: Este artigo explora as texturas táteis que têm sido utilizadas na confecção de mapas e imagens temáticas para crianças com deficiência visual no Chile nos últimos 20 anos. De um grupo representativo composto por mais de 300 lâminas de conteúdo educacional inclusivo, foram selecionadas 14 texturas para identificar sua natureza, propriedades psicofísicas e características morfológicas a partir de sua composição geométrica. O objetivo foi gerar as bases teóricas e tecnológicas relacionadas ao design e à produção digital de mapas, imagens e gráficos táteis. O trabalho buscou tipificar as formas de relevo e suas possíveis aplicações pelo uso de padrões de repetição que permitam melhorar a linguagem e o reconhecimento das texturas envolvidas com o intuito de expandir e diversificar seu uso em material educativo inclusivo no ensino e na disseminação do conhecimento por meio do toque.
ABSTRACT: This article explores the textures that have been used in the development of thematic maps and images for children with visual impairment in Chile over the last 20 years. From a representative group of more than 300 sheets of inclusive educational content, 14 textures were selected to identify their nature, psychophysical properties and morphological characteristics based on their geometric composition. The aim was to generate the theoretical and technological grounds related to the design and digital production of tactile maps, images, and graphics. The work sought to typify the embossed shapes and their possible applications by using repetition patterns that allow to improve the language and recognition of the textures involved, with the intention of expanding and diversifying their use in inclusive educational material in the teaching and dissemination of knowledge through tact.
RESUMO
Introducción: El artículo presenta las características sociodemográficas del desarrollo psico-sexual y del delito sexual en hombres privados de la libertad por delitos sexuales recluidos en una cárcel de Manizales (Colombia) en el 2011. Además, describe las diferencias entre los abusadores de personas menores o iguales a 12 años y abusadores de personas mayores de esa edad. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo con muestreo aleatorio simple. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada en la que se indagaron las características sociodemográficas, el desarrollo psicosexual, las características del delito y la prevalencia de trastornos mentales en una muestra de 80 personas condenadas por delitos sexuales y recluidas en el Establecimiento Penitenciario de Mediana Seguridad de Manizales. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariado y bivariado, utilizando la prueba χ² y análisis de regresión logística con las variables que mostraron significancia estadística en el análisis bivariado. Resultados: Se encontró que los condenados por delitos sexuales pertenecen a los estratos socioeconómicos bajos, tienen una baja escolaridad y no recibieron educación sexual. Estos hallazgos adquieren más relevancia cuando los delitos son cometidos contra menores o iguales a 12 años de edad. Conclusiones: La falta de educación sexual, la baja escolaridad y el nivel socioeconómico bajo son factores asociados para la presentación de las agresiones sexuales. Es importante que la sociedad (en especial las instituciones responsables de la salud) encuentre otras medidas adicionales a la penalización de estos comportamientos para lograr un mejor control del problema.
This article introduces the socio-demographic characteristics of psychosexual development and sexual crimes in men deprived of liberty for such crimes who are doing time in a Manizales prison (Colombia) in 2011. It also describes the differences between abusers of individuals under 12 years of age or who are 12 years old, and abusers of individuals over that age. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective study performed by simple random sampling. It consisted of semi-structured interviews in which socio-demographic characteristics, psychosexual development, characteristics of crime, and prevalence of mental disorders were analyzed in a sample of 80 inmates convicted of sexual offenses at the Medium-security Pentientiary center in the city of Manizales. Univariate and bivariate analysis were performed using the χ² test and the logistic regression analysis with variables showing statistical significance in the bivariate analysis. Results: It was found that convicted sex offenders belong to lower socioeconomic levels, have low educational levels, and did not receive any sexual education. Such findings become more relevant when the crimes in questions are committed against 12-year-olders or children under this age. Conclusions: The lack of sexual education, low educational levels and lower socioeconomic levels are associated factors in the case of sexual offenses. It is important for society (particularly health-care institutions) to find additional measures for the criminalization of such behaviors in order to achieve a better control of the problem.