Research progress on the relationship between lifestyle and dry eye in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Dry eye is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by tear film dyshomeostasis, producing eye discomfort and visual impairment that seriously affects people's quality of life and quality of work. In recent years, the incidence of dry eye in children has been increasing year by year with the changes of environment and lifestyle, which has caused many concerns. Both genetic and non-genetic factors can affect the development of dry eye. However, non-genetic factors, such as lifestyle factors, can be improved by human intervention. Lifestyle modification is economical, safe and effective. It has proven to be efficient for preventing dry eye, so it is important to investigate the association between lifestyle and dry eye in children. Related studies analyzed the relationships between lifestyles such as video terminal, contact lens, low concentration of atropine eye drops, sleep, diet and dry eye in children. In this review, the above findings were summarized and relevant preventive measures were proposed, providing a new theoretical basis for preventing dry eye in children and delaying disease progression.

Research progress of ocular surface pathophysiological changes in dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#The incidence of dry eye is increasing year by year, and it has become one of the most common ophthalmic diseases. The main symptoms of dry eye disease are dry, foreign body sensation, burning in eyes, itchy and viscous secretion. These discomforts affect the daily life, efficiency of work and study, mental health and physical function of patients with dry eye. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles. Meanwhile, there are changes in the tissue structure and ocular surface microenvironment of the eyes of patients with dry eye. In view of the fact that dry eye is an important public health problem, which seriously affects people's visual quality and life quality, studying the pathophysiology of dry eye is of great significance for efficient diagnosis, more targeted treatment and reduction of adverse events. This paper reviewed the research progress in the pathophysiology of dry eye in recent years.

Research progress on multicomponent physical exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Neurocognitive impairment is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by impaired cognitive function and decreased motor ability. Non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise have advantages in the treatment of patients with neurocognitive impairment. Multicomponent exercise is a combination of various physical exercises, including strength training, endurance training, balance training and flexibility training, that can improve gait, balance and cardiopulmonary function by increasing muscle mass, strength and endurance in people with neurocognitive impairment, while also reducing the risk of falls in elders. This article reviews the benefits of multicomponent exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment and its evaluation methods; also describes 4 intervention programs and their clinical application, to provide evidence for clinical practice and promote the application of multicomponent exercise in patients with neurocognitive impairment.

Analysis and suggestions on harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

The improvement of the harvest period standards is critical in the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials. The present study statistically analyzed the harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol.Ⅰ) and put forward the existing problems and suggestions based on herbal records and modern research to provide references for the improvement of the standards. According to the statistical analysis, in 499 types of plant medicinal materials, harvest period standards are recorded under 486 types, accounting for 97.4%, and are lacking in the remaining. Only one medicinal material(Stellariae Radix) is recorded with the standard of the harvest year. The standards of the harvest season and phenological period are recorded under 233 types, accounting for 46.7%. For 237 types, only harvest season is specified, accounting for 47.5%, and for 15 types, only harvest phenological period is specified, accounting for 3.0%. Among 222 types mainly derived from cultivation and 51 types from wild resources and cultivation, only 11 types are recorded with harvest period of cultivated products. Only Stellariae Radix is recorded with the harvest period standards for the wild and cultivated products separately. The harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials with different medicinal parts have certain rules to follow. The main problems about the harvest period standards are discovered. Specifically, no harvest period standards are recorded under 13 types of plant medicinal materials. Almost all perennial cultivated medicinal materials are not recorded with harvest year standard. No phenological period standard is found under 250 types of plant medicinal materials. There is no clear distinction between the harvest period standards of cultivated and wild products. The evidence for harvest period standards of 26 types of plant medicinal materials that can be harvested all year round is insufficient. As a result, it is proposed to strengthen basic research in response to the above-mentioned problems and improve the harvest period standards as soon as possible to ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

Effect and influence factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children with congenital heart disease in pediatric intensive care unit / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who had undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China. Methods: From November 2017 to October 2018, this retrospective multi-center study was conducted in 11 hospitals in China. It contained data from 281 cases who had undergone CPR and all of the subjects were divided into CHD group and non-CHD group. The general condition, duration of CPR, epinephrine doses during resuscitation, recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), discharge survival rate and pediatric cerebral performance category in viable children at discharge were compared. According to whether malignant arrhythmia is the direct cause of cardiopulmonary arrest or not, children in CHD and non-CHD groups were divided into 2 subgroups: arrhythmia and non-arrhythmia, and the ROSC and survival rate to discharge were compared. Data in both groups were analyzed by t-test, chi-square analysis or ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to analyze the prognostic factors for ROSC and survival to discharge after cardiac arrest (CA). Results: The incidence of CA in PICU was 3.2% (372/11 588), and the implementation rate of CPR was 75.5% (281/372). There were 144 males and 137 females with median age of 32.8 (5.6, 42.7) months in all 281 CPA cases who received CPR. CHD group had 56 cases while non-CHD had 225 cases, with the percentage of 19.9% (56/281) and 80.1% (225/281) respectively. The proportion of female in CHD group was 60.7% (34/56) which was higher than that in non-CHD group (45.8%, 103/225) (χ2=4.00, P=0.045). There were no differences in ROSC and rate of survival to discharge between the two groups (P>0.05). The ROSC rate of children with arthythmid in CHD group was 70.0% (28/40), higher than 6/16 for non-arrhythmic children (χ2=5.06, P=0.024). At discharge, the pediatric cerebral performance category scores (1-3 scores) of CHD and non-CHD child were 50.9% (26/51) and 44.9% (92/205) respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent prognostic factors of ROSC and survival to discharge in children with CHD were CPR duration (odds ratio (OR)=0.95, 0.97; 95%CI: 0.92~0.97, 0.95~0.99; both P<0.05) and epinephrine dosage (OR=0.87 and 0.79, 95%CI: 0.76-1.00 and 0.69-0.89, respectively; both P<0.05). Conclusions: There is no difference between CHD and non-CHD children in ROSC and survival rate of survival to discharge was low. The epinephrine dosage and the duration of CPR are related to the ROSC and survival to discharge of children with CHD.

Genetic susceptibility in children with incomplete Kawasaki disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the frequency distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two genes associated with incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD) (rs1569723 in CD40 gene and rs2736340 in BLK gene), and to investigate its association with the genetic susceptibility and clinical phenotypes of incomplete KD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 184 children with incomplete KD and 203 normal children were recruited to carry out a case-control study. The genotypes of SNPs in CD40 gene and BLK gene were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequency distribution of genotypes was compared between the KD and control groups. The association between gene polymorphisms and clinical features of incomplete KD was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in genotype (AA, AC, CC) and allele frequencies in CD40 SNP rs1569723 between the KD and control groups. There were significant differences in the frequency distribution of three genotypes (TT, CT, CC) in BLK SNP rs2736340 between the KD and control groups (P=0.031), and the KD group had a significantly higher frequency of T allele than the control group (P=0.007). There were significant differences in the incidence of conjunctival hyperaemia among the patients with different genotypes (rs1569723 in CD40 gene) (P=0.036). The SNP rs2736340 in BLK gene was associated with the extremity changes in KD patients (P=0.017).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The SNP rs2736340 in BLK gene is associated with the susceptibility to incomplete KD, and the SNP rs1569723 in CD40 gene and SNP rs2736340 in BLK gene are associated with some of clinical phenotypes of incomplete KD.</p>

Qualitative research on the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository and provide reference for the develop-ment of nursing repository. Methods In-depth interview was conducted on 21 nursing staff by qualitative research. The themes were formed by category analysis. Results There were four themes about the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository:necessity to develop nursing repository ,contents of the repository ,forms of the repository and prospect of the reposi-tory. Conclusions Nursing staff need a nursing repository. They hope that the repository can provide comprehensive,concrete and practical knowledge,and provide a good interface with digitization. The design of repository should be consistent with in-ternational standards.

Prospective cohort study on the relationship between pathogenic bacteria in the nasal middle meatus and acute bacterial respiratory infection in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between pathogenic bacteria in the nasal middle meatus and acute bacterial respiratory infection in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and twenty eight children with respiratory infection (mean age 8 years) were included into the prospective cohort study. The mucosal fluid specimens from the nasal middle meatus were collected under an endoscope for bacterial culture. The patients with bacterial culture positive were defined as the Exposed group and those with bacterial culture negative as the Non-exposed group. The grouping of the patients was blinded to the patients, patients' parents and physicians. Both groups received anti-virus and symptomatic treatments, without antibiotic administration. Five days later, the patients were evaluated as to whether they had bacterial infection based on the leucocyte count and CRP results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 328 patients, 168 had a positive nasal bacterial culture. The incidence of bacterial respiratory infection in the Exposed group [51.2% (86/168)] was significantly higher than in the Non-exposed group [13.1% (21/160)] (P < 0.01). The relative risk of bacterial respiratory infection occurrence in patients with nasal bacterial culture positive was 3.9002.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The children with respiratory infection who had potential pathogenic bacteria in the nasal middle meatus were more prone to develop bacterial respiratory infection.</p>

Effect of osthol on memory impairment of mice in AlCl3-induced acute senile model / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the protective effect and mechanism of osthol on learning and memory impairment of mice with acute senile model induced by AlCl3.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After s.c. AlCl3 60 mg.kg-1 for 7 d and i.p. osthol 15 and 7.5 mg.kg-1 for 12 d, using step-through test and step-down test, the effect of osthol on learning and memory was observed and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in blood and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in plasma and cerebrum were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Osthol 15 and 7.5 mg.kg-1 significantly improved the capability of memory and enhanced the activities of GSH-PX and SOD in AlCl3 treated mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Osthol shows protective effect on brain memory impairment of mice in acute senile model induced by AlCl3. Perhaps the mechanism is involved in enhancing the activities of GSH-PX and SOD, clearing away the free radical, protecting the brain neuron from the harm of lipoperoxide.</p>