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Background: Autotransplantation is a minor surgical procedure which involves transplantation of teeth within the same oral cavity. For children, autotransplantation may be considered as a provisional measure with good survival probability. It offers a viable biological approach for replacing the missing teeth and also for orthodontic treatments in children. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of autotransplantation among pediatric dentists in Chennai, India. Methods: An 18?item questionnaire was developed, piloted, and distributed among 100 practicing pediatric dentists in Chennai, India. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using Chi?square test. Results: Seventy valid responses from the practicing pediatric dentists were obtained. Among them, 39.7% had an experience of 5–10 years, 47.1% practiced less than 5 years, and 13.2% had experience more than 10 years. Analysis of the responses showed that 76.5% of the pediatric dentists were aware of the procedure but have not observed autotransplantation being done. Among the respondents, 95.6% have not performed this technique and 40.6% of them were not sure of the prognosis. Atraumatic extraction of donor tooth was considered to be a major limitation in autotransplantation by 41.8% of the pediatric dentists. From the responses received, 95.6% were interested in gaining more information with majority opting for more hands on workshops on the technique of autotransplantation. Conclusion: Though most of the respondents were aware of autotransplantation procedure, they have not practiced it due to inadequate training
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Background@#Placement of full-coverage restorations such as stainless steel crowns (SSCs) for pulpectomy treated primary molars is essential for successful outcomes. The tooth preparation process for SSCs can cause discomfort to gingival tissues since the crown should be seated 1 mm subgingivally. The purpose of this prospective trial was to compare the effectiveness of subgingival and transmucosal application of topical anesthetics on dental pain during SSC tooth preparation among 6- to 8-year-old children. @*Methods@#A consecutive sample of 27 children, aged 6-8 years, who required an SSC after pulp therapy in primary molars were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received infiltration anesthesia before tooth preparation for SSC placement, whereas in Group B and C, only topical anesthesia was applied subgingivally and transmucosally. Wong-Bakers Faces pain rating scale (WBFPS) scores were recorded after tooth preparation.Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scores were evaluated by two blinded and calibrated investigators through video recordings of the patient during tooth preparation. Data were tabulated, and inter-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance tests. @*Results@#Out of the 27 participants, 48% were boys and 52% were girls, with an overall mean age of 6.83 years. Group A showed the least pain scores according to both the scales, followed by Group B and Group C. The pain intensity was statistically significant on both the pain scales with P = 0.003 for FLACC and P < 0.001 for WBFPS. @*Conclusion@#Subgingival application of topical anesthesia reduced pain to a certain extent but not as effectively as infiltration anesthesia during SSC tooth preparation in primary molars. Transmucosal application of topical anesthesia did not reduce discomfort when compared to the other two interventions.
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To study the prevalence and correlation of cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk factors in apparently healthy, urban south Indian young adults. Eighty-five apparently healthy men and women volunteers aged twenty to thirty years with no smoking habit were recruited as study subjects. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, plasma zinc, adiponectin, resistin, blood glucose, insulin concentration and lipid levels were measured. A significant proportion [43.8%] of the study subjects had poor insulin sensitivity as judged by homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] >/= 3.16 and a proportion of, 36.3% had body mass index [BMI] >/= 23.0. Total cholesterol [TC] and triglyceride [TG] concentrations were higher than the normal values in 7.1% and 8.2% respectively while HDL cholesterol [HDL-C] was less than the normal value in 58.8% of the subjects. 7.2% of the subjects had Zinc deficiency. Significantly higher proportions of males had higher BMI and higher HOMA compared to females [P<0.05]. Mean zinc values were higher in females compared to males. BMI was directly associated with HOMA [P<0.05], while zinc was inversely associated with HOMA [P<0.05]. Of the two adipokines tested, resistin was not associated with any of the parameters studied, but adiponectin was associated both with BMI [p<0.05] and HOMA [p<0.06]. Poor insulin sensitivity and low HDL-C concentration, which are important risk factors for CVD are commonly prevalent in young adults. Adiponectin was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity. The finding that zinc levels are lower in males compared to females indicates a likelihood for zinc having a role in insulin sensitivity and a male predisposition to develop insulin resistance and higher BMI