RESUMO
Introduction: Regarding to frequency of prevalence of [RA], Pulmonary involvement is a common and serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis this study was performed
Objectives: Determine the prevalence of pulmonary disease in onset of rheumatoid arthritis base on history, physical examination, radiographic and pulmonary function test
Material and Methods: 52 patients [43 women, 9 men] fulfilling the ACR [American college of Rheumatology] criteria for RA [Rheumatoid arthritis] were consecutively assessed in a cross sectional study. Detailed medical [including respiratory symptoms and the disease activity symptoms] and drug and occupational histories were obtained. All patients underwent a complete pulmonary and rheumatologic examination and conventional chest radiography. All patients underwent PFT that comprised spirometry and body plethsmography. Data were analyzed by SPSS software
Results: Their mean age was 45.8 +/- 11.1 years [range: 21-78] and the duration of the disease was less than 6 months. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 76.9%. All patients were nonsmoker. Base on history: cough in 7.7%, dyspnea in 17.3% and wheezing in 1.9% was detected. Physical examination findings showed expiration wheezing [5.8%] and decreasing breath sound [1.9%], Chest X-ray was abnormal in 51/9% [Interstitial opacities 50% and Air-space densities 1.9%] PFT was abnormal in 30.8% [obstructive 15.4%, restrictive 9.6%, mixed pattern 5.8%]
Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of lung involvement in beginning of rheumatoid arthritis, so we recommend to perform diagnostic investigation of pulmonary involvement [PFT, Chest X-ray, ] in beginning of RA
RESUMO
Active pushing in second stage labor is acceptable, despite its complications for fetus and it has been noticed by midwifes and obstetricians. Recent studies have shown that spontaneous pushing decreases fetal acidosis. So, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of spontaneous and active pushing in second stage labor on fetal outcome in primiparous women. This clinical trial study was done on 108 primiparous women with uncomplicated labor that based on fliess table randomly assigned to spontaneous and active groups. In spontaneous group used her own urge to push and in active groups encouraged to take a deep breath, hold it and push for ten numbers. After delivery, cord arterial blood PH value and Apgar score [1 min and 5min] were measured. The results of this study showed that arterial cord PH was higher in the spontaneous pushing versus active pushing [p<0.001]. Apgar score [1min and 5min] had no significant difference between two groups. There was significant correlation between Apgar score [1min and 5min] and arterial umbilical pH [p=0.028, p=0.019]. Spontaneous pushing decreases fetal acidosis so it can be effective, healthy, and cheap method for improving neonatal outcome