Morphometry Of Human Thyroid Gland In 12 - 40 Weeks Aborted And Stillborn Foetuses

Background:The thyroid gland is the fir st endocrine gland to get differentiated5and starts functioning as early as 11thweek2. The early diagnosis of potentially treatable thyroid diseases in the foetus frequently depends on the detection of abnormal growth of the foetal thyroid gland. Material And Methods:In the present study, 30 foetuses belonging to B. J. Medical College were dissected and classified as per their gestational age in weeks 12 -20 weeks, 21 -30 weeks and 31 -40 weeks. Then dimensions like (length, width, thickness), weight the foetal thyroid gland, Position of foetal thyroid gland from inferior pole to tracheal ring, position of superior pole of thyroid gland to laryngeal cartilage level and distance between superior poles to hyoid bone were measured. Result:The mean ± SD of all parameters like length, width and thickness of the lateral lobe and mean ± SD of length and width of isthmus of foetal thyroid gland were more in female foetuses than in male foetuses.The superior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland corresponds to upper half of thyroid cartilage in 18 out of 30 foetuses.The inferior pole of lateral lobe of thyroid gland corresponds to 3rd tracheal ring level in 17 out of 30 foetuses.Distance between superior pole and hyoid bone was more on the left side in both male and female foetuses.Conclusion:The knowledge of factors implicating gland position is very important in many specialisations from obstetricians to neonatal paediatricians, paediatric surgeons to anatomopathologists

Toxicopathological impact of sub-lethal concentration of lead nitrate on the aerial respiratory organs of [Murrel] Channa striata [Bloch, Pisces]

Sub-lethal toxicity of lead nitrate solution [46.25mg/L, 5% of 96h LC[50] value] on the air-breathing organ [suprabranchial chamber] of Channa striata was analysed for 60 days. Because air-breathing organs of C. striata remain in direct contact with waterborne xenobiotics, any change in the aquatic ecosystem was directly reflected in them. Concentration of lead accumulation in the air-breathing organ fluctuated at different stages of exposure. Due to extensive secretory activity, the mucous cells very often got exhausted and disappeared followed by their regeneration. This causes periodic fluctuations in the density of the mucous cells. A significant increase in the gross DNA contents in relation to the respective control is noticed at many stages of exposure. Increases in the RNA and protein contents with simultaneous increase in the mucogenic activity of the mucous cells were also observed. The total lipid contents also showed a periodic fluctuation in their concentration

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare

Three cases of subcutaneous granuloma annulare are being reported here, as this is an unusual variant of granuloma annulare and as it can pose diagnostic problems for both clinicians and pathologists

Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue

A case of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue which occurred in a seventy year oldomani male is being reported. The neoplasm was located on the left forearm. This tumour is a rare malignant neoplasm