Sub-tenon's block versus topical anesthesia in complicated cataract surgery

This is a prospective randomized comparative blind study designed to compare perioperative pain control, complications and efficacy of sub-tenon's anesthesia versus topical anesthesia in corneal phacoemulsification surgery and foldable intraocular lens [IOL] implantation in complicated patients. Ninety-eight patients were allocated randomly to either sub-tenon's or topical group with preset criteria after obtaining a written informed consent. All surgeries were preformed by one surgeon. Perioperative pain was assessed using a visual analog pain scale [VAS] and compared for both techniques, anesthesia related events and complications together with intraoperative surgical complications were compared. Visual experience of patients during phacoemulsification cataract surgery was assessed; patient as well as surgeon satisfaction was also noted. Ninety seven out of ninety eight patients completed study after exclusion of one case. The data of the two groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, ASA [American Society of anesthesiologists] state, axial length of the eye and duration of surgery. There were no statistical differences between the 2 study groups in the preoperative eye complications. Forty five patients out of 49 patients in tenon's anesthesia group and four patients out of 48 in subtenon's aesthesia group experienced no pain during administration of anesthesia p<0.001. There was significant difference in pain intensity during surgery, immediately and 3 h after surgery p<0.05. Sub-tenon group had significantly more anesthesia related complications than topical anesthesia group p<0.05. There was no significant difference in the intraoperative complications between the two groups under study. About 16 patients of the sub-tenon's group had absolute akinesia during surgery as compared to none in topical group p<0.001. Topical anesthesia appears to result in greater visual awareness than sub-tenon's block p= 0.012. Sub-tenon's block was found satisfactory by 46 patients of cases and they would choose the same anaesthesia for another procedure while thirty two patients of patients subjected to topical anesthesia were satisfied p<0.001. Surgical conditions were graded to be optimal by the surgeon [none-minimal difficulties] in 46 patients subjected to sub-tenon's block and in 32 patients subjected to topical anesthesia p<0.001. In complicated cataract cases undergoing corneal phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation, sub-tenon's anesthesia was superior to topical anesthesia. Our results showed that more significant anesthesia and analgesia was achieved with the sub-tenon's block anesthesia, led to more convenient surgical conditions and enhanced patient and surgeon satisfaction without compromising patient's safety

Synthesis of novel tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl thiazoles of expected anticancer activity

In the present investigation. a variety of tetrahydronaphthyl thiazole derivatives were prepared. The parent compound 4-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl]-2-aminothiazole [l] was allowed to react with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to give substituted ureas or thioureas Ila-f with acid anhydrides to give thiazolyl-pyrrolidinedione IIIa-c. with alkylhalides or aryl sulphonyl chlorides to give the N-substituted derivatives lVa-d with urethane to give N-substituted urea V. with carbon disulphide to give isothiocyanate derivatives VI, with alpha-halocarbonyl compounds to give Vlla-d and with malononitrile to give VIII. Moreover, compound VIId was allowed to react with potassium thiocymatc to give thiamlidinone derivatives X, with semicarbazidc and thiosemicarhztzidc to give Xla,b. with thioglycolic acid to give thiomorpholincdione derivative XII. with malononitrilc to give pyrrole carbonitrilc XIII and with different secondary amines to give acetamido derivatives XlVa-d. Also compound llc reacted with chloroacetic acid. malonic acid and or phenacyl bromide to give the corresponding derivatives XV, XVI and XVII respectivly. Compounds lVa, Vllb and X are effective on both liver carcinoma cell line HePG2 and brain carcinoma cell line U25I while compounds llc, Vlld and VIII are effective on HePG2 only

Effects of single and double-strain rhizobial inocula on some legumes under field conditions

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of winther [faba bean, pea, berseem miskawy and chickpea] and summer legumes [cowpea as well as two soybean cultivars, namely Clark and Crawford] to single - or double - strain rhizobial inoculation. Plant growth [height, dry weight and N - contents], nodulation [numbers and dry weights of nodules] and in vitro N2 - ase activity of intact roots and / or detached nodules were determined as paramenters for plant response to rhizobial inoculation. Uninoculated plants formed considerable numbers of nodules. Plants incoulated with double -strain inocula produced significantly higher numbers and weights of nodules. Nodule numbers and dry weights of faba bean either inoculated or not were markedly higher than those of the other legumes. The nitrogenase activity of intact roots of winter legumes increased due to rhizobial inoculation particulary with the copmposite inocula. In terms of the N2 - ase activity per unit dry weight, roots of pea were superior among the winter legumes. Plant heights, dry matter production and N - contents responded to inoculation and the response was more pronounced with double - strain inoculation. Inoculation increased the nodule production of summer legumes, although the effect was statistically insignificant in the majority of cases. The lowest N2 - ase activity of the excised nodules was recorded for the ruininoculated plants. Inoculation, with the double - strain inocula in particular, enhanced such acivity. Again, inoculation either with single - or douuble - strain inocula resulted in taller and heavier plants of higher N- contents

Effect of soil condition RAG concentrations on microbial activities in Sandy soil cultivated with Brassica white mostard

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of the soil conditioner RAPG in combination with K-benzoate, carbon and NPK applied to sandy soil in three different concentrations 0.05, 0.1 and 0.4% on major microbial groups [total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi] and dehydrogenase activity in soil under cultivation Brassica [White Mostard]. RAPG conditioner with NPK revealed the highest stimulatory effect on microbial densities followed by RAPG combined with carbon. Dehydrogenase activity in soil varied with RAPG co-nutrient application in a similar trend like that recorded with microbial populations. The RAPG-complex concentrations had an obvious influence on dehydrogenase activity being the highest with 0.1%. No significant influence due to neither co-compounds nor concentrations on plant height, dry weight and N content except with RAPG-NPK applied at 0.1% where plants were higher in N content than those grown in RAPG-treated sand