[Clinical evaluation of the effect of myrtle oil on the oral lesions of FMD in cattle]

Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven - hoofed animals and has severe economic consequences. FMD causes painful sores and blisters on the feet, mouth and teats of animals. Clinical evaluation of Myrtle oil [Myrtus communis L.] caused by foot and mouth disease [FMD] in cattle. 76 cows and claves between one and five years of age and weight between 80 to 600 kg with clinical sing of FMD were randomly in two groups, receiving myrtle oil and control group. The data recorded during the three stages of clinical examination before treatment, second day and fourth day after treatment was performed. Results indicated that recovery of mouth lesion with myrtle oil was remarkable as compared with control group. This difference was very statistically significant in two stages after treatment [p<0/001]. Cases of oral lesions improved in the group treated with the oil in the second and fourth days, respectively, 80.9 and 93.6 percent and the rate control group were 20.6 and 58.6 percent, respectively. The result also indicated that amount of purulent-free secretion in myrtle oil group was 68.1 and 89.4 percent in the 2[nd] and fourth day respectively. The number was 48.3 and 62.1 percent for control group. The medication of myrtle oil on the wounds of FMD, causes mouth ulcers faster improvement and reduce discharge purulent

Histological and anatomical study of the White Rooster of testis, epididymis and ductus deferens

This study was carried out to investigate the histological and anatomical description of the male genital tract in Iranian Native White Roosters [IWR]. The seminiferous tubules had a dense and compact organization. An average of 12 layers of cells was seen in the seminiferous tubules epithelium. The spermatogonal cell layer showed some variation between different birds in 1 -3 layers; however, the spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were arranged in 2, 3-4 and 3-5 layers, respectively. The testicles were oval in shape, placed on the left and right sides of midline, situated on the caudal aspect of the lungs and the ventral aspect of either the right or left kidneys, and the visceral surfaces of the left and right lobes of the liver. The epididymis was not divided into recognizable parts and was frontally attached to the corresponding testis on its dorsomedial aspect continuous with the ductus deferens. The ducruli efferentis were moderately large with pseudostratified columnar epithelium lined with three cell types, including ciliated, non-ciliated and basal cells. The connective ducts were covered with scare ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The epithelium of the epididymis was pseudostratified and columnar, embedded in a loose connective tissue. The proximal part of the ductus deferens was covered with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which was continuous with simple cuboidal epithelium towards the distal portion. Anatomical studies revealed a large sac-like accessory process that consisted of two non-discrete parts in the fronto ventricular region of the testes between the epididymis and the ductus deferens, which was closely related ventrally to the epididymis and laterally to the kidneys. This organ was lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium with thick clear mucosal muscle. The tunica sub mucosa was evident, and the outer layer was composed of a fibrous capsule with a well-developed vascular supply. This suggested that the role of the sac-like accessory process was as an organ to supply sperm, equivalent to the tail of the epididymis in mammals

Three different procedures in labeling of ubiquicidin with technetium 99m: a comparative study

UBI 29-41 [a derivative of antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin] labelled with 99mTc is reported to discriminate between bacterial infections and sterile inflammatory processes. In this study, three lyophilized kit were performed, one of them based on the direct labelling with only SnCl[2] as reducing agent, and other two based on 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid [HYNIC] and tricine as a coligands with or without ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid [EDDA]. Synthesis of UBI 29-41 was performed on solid phase using a standard Fmoc strategy. BOC-HYNIC was conjugated with peptide in solution. Three lyophilized kits were prepared as follows: kit 1:40 micro g UBI 29-41, 5 micro g SnCl[2], pH = 9; kit 2: 40 micro g UBI 29-41, 40 micro g SnCl[2], 20 mg tricine, pH = 5.2; kit 3: 40 micro g UBI 29-41, 40 micro g SnCl[2], 15 mg tricine, 5 mg EDDA, pH = 7. With addition of 99mTcO[4]-solution, kits were labeled under specific conditions, and the radiochemical purity was evaluated by ITLC and HPLC methods. Stability and protein binding in human serum followed by in vitro binding to bacteria were assessed. Biodistribution of radiopeptides in staphylococcus aureus infected rats muscles were studied using ex vivo counting and scintigraphy. Radiochemical analysis indicated rapid and high labeling yield [>95%] for the three kits. Binding to bacteria for kit 2 was to some extent higher than that was obtained for the two other kits. Specific accumulation in infected thigh muscles, as indicated by T/NT ratios was 3.29, 4.6 and 3.77 for kit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The HYNIC-UBI 29-41 labeled in presence of tricine as coligands [kit 2] showed the most promising results for further in vivo evaluation

[Effect of concomitant use of probiotic and coccidiosis vaccine in experimental cocci-dialinfection of broiler chickens]

In order to study the effect of concomitant use of a probiotic with Lactobacillus origin [Primalac] and a coccidiosis vaccine [Paracox-5] in experimental coccidial infection of broilers, 600 day old male broiler chickens were randomly divided into five groups of 120 with four replicates. Groups three, four and five received probiotic, coccidiosis vaccine and probiotic + coccidiosis vaccine, respectively. At 26 days of age all groups[except first group] were challenged orally with a suspension of sporulated oocystes of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. Serum carotenoid levels were determined before challenge and 6 days after that OPG of the feces was measured at 6 to 10 days post challenge. Performance parameters were also determined during the experiment. OPG of the treated groups with vaccine and /or probiotic were significantly lower than the positive control [p< 0.05]. It was concluded that and coccidiosis vaccine probiotic with Lactobacillus origin [to some extent] are able to control negative impacts of coccidial infection. In the meantime simultaneous usage of probiotic and coccidiosis vaccine, did not have any interaction with efficacy of the vaccine

[Effects of carnitine on sperm parameters of infertile males with idiopathic asthenospermia]

Studies confirm that a number of nutritional and environmental factors may negatively affect spermatogenesis and cause male infertility. Carnitine is an important factor for sperm motility. Carnitine deficiency decreases sperm motility and may cause male infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of carnitine on sperm parameters in infertile males with idiopathic asthenospermia. This study is a before and after clinical trial performed on 40 asthenospermia men who were treated with 750 mg per/day carnitine in Fatemieh infertility research center in years 2006-2007. Sperm parameters were assessed before and after treatment. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS10 and paired T-test. The results showed a significant increase in sperm concentration, morphology, sperm total motility and rapid progressive motility after treatment by carnitine [p<0.05]. Carnitine supplementation has a significant effect on sperm parameters in men with idiopathic asthenospermia

[Comparative study of the plasma Homocysteine level in patients with mild Parkinson's disease and moderate to severe Parkinson's disease]

Patients with Parkinson's disease [PD] have higher concentration of plasma homocysteine [Hcy]. Elevation of total serum Hcy level has been known as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was comparison of serum Hcy level between PD patients with stage =< 2.5 and PD patients with stage > 2.5 [according to modified Yohen and Yahr method], and assessing the association between the duration of disease and Hcy levels. This case - control study was done on 50 patients with Parkinson's disease in the year 2005 in Al - Zahra Hospital of Isfahan. Patients divided into two groups: control group 1 included 23 patients with mild disease [stage=<2.5]; 27 patients with sever Parkinson's [stage>2.5] were put in the case group 1. Considering the duration of the disease, also, patients were divided into case 2 [more than 4 year duration with 24 patients] and control 2 [less than 4 year duration with 26 patients] groups. Hcy level was measured in all patients and compared in different groups. Individual and laboratory data were collected in questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distribution tables. The mean serum Hcy level in severe PD group was 24.96 micro mol/lit and in mild PD group was 25.07 micro mol/lit. There was no significant statistical difference between them. The mean serum level of Hcy, without any significant difference, in patients with duration of disease lower than 4 years was 23.51 micro mol/lit and in group with duration of more than that was 26.40 micro mol/lit. The present study showed that serum Hcy level doesn't have any relation with stage and duration of disease, and cannot be used as a predictive value for the progression of PD

L-carnitine level in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men

To determine any correlation between infertility and semen quality with concentrations of L-carnitine in human seminal plasma. This case-control study performed in Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Seminal plasma of 72 infertile men and 80 men with proved fertility as a control group was investigated and L-carnitine level was determined using UV enzymatic test at 340 nm. The concentration of L-carnitine was significantly lower in the infertile group compared with control group [80.59 +/- 56.43 mg/l versus 108.43 +/- 42.26 mg/l; P= 0.0009]. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between seminal plasma L-carnitine concentration, total sperm count, and the percentage of motile sperm [P= 0.0009, and P= 0.0000, respectively]. These finding suggest that the determination of seminal plasma L-carnitine level may be a useful test in evaluation of male infertility

[Production and quality control of technetium-99m radiolabeled monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells]

Binding a monoclonal antibody to tumor associated antigens is an effective method for cancer therapy because these agents can specifically target malignant cells. In fact, monoclonal antibodies are effective agents for diagnosis, grading and treatment of different kinds of cancers. In this research, a new monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells was prepared and radiolabeling with technetium-99m evaluated. This research was done in three parts: preparation of hybridoma cell against colon cancer cell line [HT29], production of monoclonal antibody, determination of its characterizations and radiolabeling with technetium-99m. mAb-D2 is an IgG1 with affinity constant of 7.2x10[9] M[-1] which can recognize CEA in tumor cells. Radiolabeling showed that [99m]Tc-HYNIC-mAb-D2 complex is stable, immunoradioactive, and has a desirable biodistribution. In this study, we gained a new radiopharmaceutical that may be a good candidate for radioimmunoscintigraphy

Synthesis, development and preclinical comparison of two new peptide based freeze-dried kit formulation 99mTc-EDDA-Tricine-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-EDDA-Trinice-HYNIC-TATE for somatostatin receptor positive tumor scintigraphy

Somatostatin receptor [sstr] scintigraphy with [111In diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid]-octreotide [[111In-DTPA]-OC] has became a routine diagnostic procedure in oncology. However, it suffers from some drawbacks concerning the limited availability, suboptimal imaging properties and elevated radiation burden of 111In. In this study synthesis, conjugation and preclinical evaluation of two new freeze-dried kit formulation based on somatostatin analogues, Tyr3-Octreotide [TOC] and Tyr3-octreotate [TATE], designed for the labeling with 99mTc are described. After cleavage from the resin and preparation of the cyclized peptides, these compounds were conjugated with 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid [HYNIC] in solution. Radiolabeling of HYNIC peptide conjugates was performed at high specific activity using one-step kits formulation based on tricine and ethylenediamine-N,N? -diacetic acid [EDDA] as co-ligands. Both, 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid0-Tyr3-Octreotide [HYNIC-TOC] and 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid0-Tyr3-Octreotate [HYNIC-TATE], showed a specific and high rate of internalization after 4 h in AR4-2J rat pancreatic tumor cells, [11.2 +/- 0.8 and 18.1 +/- 1.2 respectively]. Biodistribution studies in AR4-2J tumor-bearing rats showed rapid clearance of both analogues from all sstr-negative tissues except the kidneys. The specific uptake in tumor and sstr-positive tissues especially pituitary, pancreas and adrenals were observed. After 4 h the adrenals to pancreas uptake ratio for HYNIC-TOC was higher than that of HYNIC-TATE. Although both compounds had high kidney and low liver excretion, for HYNIC-TATE, it was lower. The results suggest these two new peptide based freeze-dried kits might be of great promise for clinical application in imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors

Nitric oxide level in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile males and its correlation with sperm parameters

Nitric oxide [NO] is a free radical molecule, produced by most cells and tissues in the body. The effect of NO on cells is concentration dependent. Low concentration of NO is essential in biology and physiology of most of cells, but high amounts of NO is toxic and has detrimental effects on cells. The role of NO in biology of male and female genital systems is under investigation. In the present study, the nitric oxide concentration was measured in the seminal plasma of both fertile and infertile males and compared with spermatogram parameters. For this purpose, semen samples were collected from 45 patients and 70 healthy donors. After analysis of samples, the stable metabolites of nitric oxide [nitrite and nitrate] were measured by Griess assay. The results indicated that the nitric oxide concentration in the seminal plasma of infertile males was significantly higher than controls. There was a significant negative correlation between the nitric oxide concentration and sperm motility and viability in infertile males. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the level of nitric oxide in seminal plasma of infertile men was higher than that of fertile men. The increasing level of nitric oxide concentration in seminal plasma leads to the decrease in sperm motility and viability and affects fertility

Preparation of an artificial matrix to replace human standards of prostate specific antigen IRMA assay kit

Prostate specific antigen [PSA] is one of the most sensitive markers for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Immunoradiometric kit [IRMA] is a common and sensitive method for determination of PSA in clinical laboratories. This kit has four major components: solid phase coated with monocolonal antibody, pair antibody labelled with I-125, series of standards in different ranges of concentration and lyophilized control samples. In IRMA method, PSA is determined in human serum. Therefore, matrix of standards have to be similar to human serum. Using human serum as standard has many shortcomings namely biohazard contamination, instability, serum protein precipitation and unavailability. Artificial matrix however, is an ideal substitute for human serum. In this study, we used an artificial matrix as standard sample and evaluated its effects including reproducibility, sensitivity, precision and stability for determination of PSA in comparision to human serum. The specificity, sensitivity, storage condition and the stability of these standards prepared with artificial matrix were studied. Similar results in comparison to human serum was observed. The prepared standards with this matrix had suitable and ideal properties and it can be used as standard in PSA assay kit

[Application of radioimmunoassay technique for determination of antigen concentration in different cells with a new monoclonal antibody]

Binding a monoclonal antibody to tumor associated antigens is an effective method for cancer therapy because these agents can specifically target malignant cells, in fact monoclonal antibodies are effective agents for diagnosis, grading and treatment of different kinds of cancers. In this research, a new monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells was prepared and antigen concentration in different cells determined by a radioimmunoassay method using iodine [I-125] labeled protein G. 125I-labeled protein G percent binding to white blood cell, HT29, LS180 and MCF7 cell lines were 7.1%, 91.2%, 75.8% and 40.2%, respectively. Regarding importance of monoclonal antibody applications, it is necessary to find an efficient method for their evaluation in cancer therapy. In this method, a radioactive agent with no count restriction was used. Also by this method, amount of the antigen can be easily quantified

[Evaluation and comparison of different quality control methods in radiochemical purity determination of new peptide kits 99mTc-EDDA-Tricine-HYNIC-Tyr3-Octreotide and 99mTc-EDDA-Tricine-HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotate for imaging somatostatin receptor positive tumors]

Using labeled peptides enjoys high importance in nuclear medicine. Somatostatin analogs labeled with different radionuclide are vastly investigated for diagnosis or treatment of somatostatin receptor positive tumors. Labeling somatostatin analogs with 99mTc as alternative of 111In needs doing different quality control method for determination of labeling yield and complex stability for clinic applications. For determining radiochemical purity, three different methods were compared and evaluated including HPLC, TLC and Sep-Pak. All the three methods were suitable for determining of radiochemical purity in peptide kits, although using HPLC was more effective rather than the others. HPLC was the best method for determination of radiochemical purity of the peptide kits. TLC or Sep-Pak method should only be employed if HPLC is not available in nuclear medicine clinics, and after training and gaining sufficient operational experience. In this research, a new monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells was prepared and antigen concentration in different cells determined by a radioimmunoassay method using iodine [I-125] labeled protein G. 125I-labeled protein G percent binding to white blood cell, HT29, LS180 and MCF7 cell lines were 7.1%, 91.2%, 75.8% and 40.2%, respectively. Regarding importance of monoclonal antibody applications, it is necessary to find an efficient method for their evaluation in cancer therapy. In this method, a radioactive agent with no count restriction was used. Also by this method, amount of the antigen can be easily quantified

[ case report of poisoning with common mallow [malva neglecta wallr] in a milking cow]

Case report of poisoning with Malva neglectain milking cow.Case- Report.Milking cow.Observation of clinical sings for diagnosis ofhypocalcemia and improve diagnosiswith reply totreatment procedure.Feeding a large amount ofcommon mallowcaused poisoning and hypocalcemia in cow and thetreatmentbyintravenousinfusionofcalciumborogluconate.Feeding milking cow with a largeamount Common mallow should be avoided.?Treatmentby interavenous infusion of calcium brogluconat can beindicated

Preparation, formulation and quality control of one step Kit - 99mTc -EDDA/HyNic - Tyr - Octreotide as a peptide radiopharmaceutical for imaging somatostatin receptor positive tumors

The high expression of somatostatin receptors in many tumours, have made receptor scintigraphy with 111In-DTPA-Octreotide a widly used procedure in nuclear medicine. Despite its clinical success, some limitation and drawbacks of radiolabelling with 111In remain, especially those concerned with the cost, availability and physical decay properties of this radionuclide. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-TOC was studied as a new agent with the potential to replace Octreoscan in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. This hydrazinonicotinic acid derivatized somatostatin complex contains ethylenediamine N,N diacetic acid [EDDA] as a co-ligand resulting in a high in vitro and in vivo stability. High labeling yields [>90%] were achieved at high specific activities. Charactrization via HPLC, biodistribution and receptor binding of the resulting complex are described. The formulation developed enables rapid and simple labeling of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in a manner suitable for clinical setting

Imaging of medullary thyroid carcinoma with Tc-99m [V] DMSA

Twenty-one patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied prospectively with Tc-99m [V] DMSA after surgery. Pentavalent DMSA scintigram demonstrated abnormal uptake in 13 and equivocal uptake in 6 patients. Finally, seven patients with surgical or other imaging documentation were selected for this paper. Most of these patients were asymptomatic. Six patients had hypercalcitonemia and serum calcitonine was not measured in one patient. Whole body scan with Tc-99m [V] DMSA demonstrated abnormal radiotracer uptake in all patients locating in the neck [3 cases], mediastinum [5 cases], bone [2 cases], liver [1 case] and thyroid lobes [2 cases]. This preliminary study with the locally developed Tc-99m [V] DMSA showed that it is a useful imaging agent for localization of metastatic lesions in asymptomatic patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and high serum calcitonine