[ correlation between obesity and impaired glucose tolerance with periodontal diseases]

Numerous evidence indicates the deteriorating effects of obesity on body organs and its role in predisposition to systemic diseases such as diabetes. On the other hand, diabetes has been recognized as a risk factor for periodontal breakdown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases. The second aim was to clarify if periodontal diseases make the individuals prone to impaired glucose tolerance. A total of 166 patients [age 35- 59 years] who sought dental care in Tabriz Dental Faculty were recruited in this study. Eighty three people had periodontitis in accordance with NHANES III index [test group] and the remaining who did not have periodontal disease served as the control group. The body weight [BW], height and waist circumference [WC] were measured in both of the study groups followed by fasting plasma glucose [FPG] and oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]. Data were analyzed by student t-test and Chi-Square followed by calculating the odds ratio and Spearman correlation. All of the studied variables expressed a higher score in the test group than the control one [p<0.05]. Evaluation of the correlation of obesity [OB], overweight [OW], WC, and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] with periodontal disease severity, revealed the highest correlation between OB [r=1 and p<0.001] and the lowest between OW [r=0.4 and p=0.07]. Regarding the association of OB, WC and OW with IGT among women, the strongest association was found in OB [odds ratio, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.26- 23.6] and the weakest was in OW [odds ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.07-2.6]. These associations were similar among the males and the highest was between OB [odds ratio, 5; 95% CI, 0.82- 19.41] VS. the weakest that was observed in OW [odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.07-2.17]. The association of obesity and periodontal disease is stronger than that with impaired glucose test. This may be attributed to different mechanisms involved in relationship between periodontal disease, obesity and diabetes

Interdental subgingivalplaque removal: a comparison between hand instruments, ultrasonic sealer and air powder polishing devices with and without abrasive powder

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of air-polishing devices [APDs] with hand instruments and ultrasonic sealers when used for interdental subgingival plaque removal. Likewise, the effectiveness of APD with and without abrasive powder was evaluated. A total of sixty single-rooted teeth were treated in fifteen periodontal patients with 4-6mm mesial probing depth [PD]. The selected procedures were hand instruments [Gracey curettes], ultra sonic scalar, APD without powder and APD with powder. Before and immediately after the treatment procedures, subgingival plaque samples were collected from the mesial aspects of these teeth. The anaerobe cultivation method was utilized to assess the mean reduction of total colony forming units [CFU] immediately after treatment. Subgingival microorganisms were significantly reduced in all methods. The mean CFU differences between before and after treatments were significant [P < 0.001] for all procedures. However, no significant difference was observed in the effectiveness of various methods. On average, all methods were able to reduce subgingival microorganisms by 92%. There was also a positive correlation between the colony counts before and after treatments [r = 0.52]. Using APD is as effective as hand instruments and ultrasonic sealers for interdental subgingival plaque removal in cases with up to 6mm probing depth. The use of abrasive powder does not enhance the effectiveness of APD in subgingival plaque removal