effect of butyric acid with autogenous omental graft on healing of experimental achilles tendon injury in rabbits

In this study, the role of local injection of butyric acid [BA] with autogenous omental graft was evaluated in healing of experimental Achilles tendon injury in rabbits. Nine adult male New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized and a partial thickness tenotomy was created on both hindlimbs. In treated group, omental graft was secured in place using BA soaked polygalactin 910 suture. In control group, the graft was sutured without BA. Butyric acid and normal saline were injected daily to treatment and control groups for three days, respectively. Based on the findings, on day 15 after injury, the tendon sections showed that healing rate in BA treated group was higher than that in control group. Furthermore, at days 28 and 45, comparison between BA treated and control groups demonstrated that BA increased the healing rate but with no significance. In summary, results of this study show that application of BA with autogenous omental graft can improve healing process of damaged Achilles tendon

[ effect of MS14 on hematopoiesis and blood cells in BALB/c mice]

Various blood cells with different functions are produced in bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect[s] of MS14, as an immunomodulator with natural origin [plant -marine] on the hematopoiesis. Eight 6-8 weeks old female BALB/c mice were divided to control group [receiving normal saline] and MS14 group [receiving MS14 at 100 mg/kg]. Administration of MS14 and normal saline prolongs for five days, and then the mice were anaesthetized and killed. Smear of peripheral blood cells was provided and bone marrow cells were counted and cultured for 48 h. Erythropoietin [20 ng/ml] was added to half of samples. 5 days administration of 100 mg/kg MS14 has augmented the percent of red blood cell of bone marrow [about 2 times]. An increase [about 60%] in the percent of peripheral blood neutrophils has been observed as well. Erytroid colonies in bone marrow culture have been increased about 2 times in MS14 group e.i. the mean colony number in each well increased from 7 in control group to 14 in MS14 group and at the presence of erythropoietin from 13 colonies in control to 23 in MS14 group. According to increasing effect of MS14 on the number of erytroid colonies and percent of red blood cells, it can be concluded that hematopoietic processes not only does not adversely affected or inhibited by MS14 but could be significantly augmented when MS14 adminstered

[Evaluation of the effect of lycium barbarum fruit feeding on Serum glucose, lipids, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol in diabetic rats]

Use of medicinal plants for attenuation of hyperglycemia and restoration of lipids to normal level is clinically very important. In this study, the effect of oral administration of Lycium barbarum [LB] fruit on serum glucose and lipids was investigated in diabetic rats. Thirty two female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; control, LB-treated control, diabetic, and LB-treated diabetic groups. The treatment groups received oral administration of plant [fruit]-mixed pelleted food [at a weight ratio of 6.25%] for 6 weeks. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-and HDL-cholesterol levels were determined before the study, and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the study. LB treated diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in glucose level compared to non treated group at 3rd and 6th weeks [P<0.01-0.005]. There were no significant changes regarding to total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, LB administration significantly increased HDL-cholesterol level [P<0.05] and reduced LDL-cholesterol level [P<0.01] in treated diabetic group as compared with untreated diabetic group. Oral administration of LB fruit has a significant hypoglycemic effect and led to appropriate changes only in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol

Interaction of dietary oils and microflora in experimental colitis

There is growing evidence indicating the benefits of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in attenuation of colitis. On the other hand, some studies have shown that n-3 fatty acids can ameliorate inflammation in colitis. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between different dietary oils and intestinal microflora in an experimental model of colitis. Eight week-old BALB/C mice [n = 9] were fed isocaloric diets varying only in fat composition for 4 weeks. A group fed the chow diet served as control. The diets contained 20% fat from fish oil, canola oil, safflower oil, or beef tallow. Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid on day 21. Inflammation, fecal microflora and serum lipid profile were compared among the groups one week after induction. The highest degree of inflammation was seen in the chow-diet group, followed by safflower, canola-, and fish oil-fed groups [p < 0.05]. As compared to the experimental groups, the number of fecal bacteroideceae was significantly higher [p < 0.05], and the number of fecal bifidobacteria significantly lower, in the control group [p < 0.05]. Moreover, fish oil could reduce the plasma level of triacylglycerole significantly [p < 0.05]. These results indicate that n-3 fatty acids can affect intestinal microfloral populations in favor of increasing the number of bifidobacteria. They might be recommended as an adjunct therapy to patients with colitis

Prevalence of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine maculopathy in rheumatoid arthritis patients

The most serious side effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is retinopathy. Central 10-2 red target perimetry is one of the most sensitive routes to detect early maculopathy. A cross-sectional study of 62 RA patients whom treated with chioroquine and hydroxychioroquine at least for 6 months was undertaken. Age, duration, daily dose of drug and history of previous exams by ophthalmologist was noted. Complete ophthalmic examination and central 10-2 red target perimetiy was done. Patients must be excluded if chloroquine has changed to hydroxychioroquine for more than 3 months. 46 patients had used chloroquine and 16 patients had used hydroxychioroquine. 5 1 patients were female and 11 patients were male. Range of age of these patients was between 10 to 81 years [Mean 39.59]. Any patients who use hydroxychioroquine hadn't retinal toxicity [neither with perimetric result nor by fundus exam]. In chloroquine group 8 patients [17.4%] have criteria for drug toxicity in perinietric results and 9 [19.6%] patients have drug toxicity in fundus examination. There was no correlation between retinal toxicity and duration of treatment, daily dose and accumulative dose or sex but there was correlation between age and retinal toxicity by chloroquine [P=0.017] also week correlation between decreased vision and retinal toxicity was found [P=0.07] In present study mean daily dose, duration and accommulative dose of chloroquine for retinal toxicity was significantly lower than other reports which represents that our patients are more sensitive to chloroquine. Hydroxychioroquine is much safer than chloroquine

[Partial agenesis of inferior rectus muscle: a case report]

To report a case of partial agenesis of the inferior rectus muscle in a child who was presented because of ocular misalignment and a deficient depression of the right eye. The patient was a 4-year-old girl. Preoperative CT scans confirmed the clinical diagnosis of inferior rectus agenesis. The patient underwent augmented transposition of horizontal recti muscles with good post-operative results. Congenital absence of the inferior rectus muscle is a possible cause of inferior rectus muscle palsy. Although rare, agenesis deserves attention in the absence of another identifiable causes for inferior rectus palsy. Muscle transposition procedures in conjunction with intramuscular botulinium toxin injection or other weakening procedures of the superior rectus muscle have had appreciable functional and cosmetic results in these patients

Effect of tindurin on immunopathogenesis mechanism of collagen-induced arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the sequestration of various leukocyte subpopulations within both the developing pannus and synovial space. This study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic potency of tindurin in experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis [CIA] was induced by intradermally immunization of Lewis rats at the base of the tail. The paws and knees were then removed for histopathology and radiography analysis. Using fibrosarcoma cell line the apoptosis process was measured by Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling [TUNEL] method. Our data showed that the i.p. injection of tindurin to arthritic rats induced a significant reduction in paw edema. Histopathological assessment showed reduced inflammatory cells infiltrate, tissue edema and bone erosion in joints of treated rats. Moreover, our results in radiography were in line with histological findings as well as tindurin was found to induce apoptosis of treated cells in comparison with positive, negative and non-treated ones. Our findings revealed the therapeutic effect of tindurin in experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with methotrexate as a choice drug