[Assessment of protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on sperm parameters, and trend of embryological development after in vitro fertilization [IVF] in phenylhydrazine treated mice]

Background and Aim: oxidative stress can lead to change in the sperm parameters and cessation of embryological development This study aimed to assess the protective effect of ethylpyruvate [EP] on sperm parameters and trend of in vitro fertilization under oxidative stress conditions produced by phenyl hydrazine [PHZ] induced hemolytic anemia in mice

Material and Method: 40 NMRI mice with the age range of 8-10 weeks and mean weight of 26+/-2gr, were randomly divided into four equally groups. The control group received normal saline [0. 1 ml/day, IP]. Group2 [PHZ group] was treated with initial dose of PHZ [8mg/100gr/b. w, IP] followed by 6mg/100gr/b. w, IP, every 48hr. Group3, [Group PHZ+EP] received the same dose of PHZ and EP [40mg/kg/daily/IP]. Ethyl pyruvate group received only EP [40mg/kg/daily, IP]. Treatment period took 35 days. Then, after euthanasia the sperm were collected from caudal region of epididymis and examined for sperm count, sperm viability, motility and morphology. Testis tissue MDA and serum testosterone levels of all experimental groups were also evaluated

Result: in this study, in PHZ group we found a considerable reduction in the mean percentage of the number of the sperms with damaged DNA and abnormal morphology compared to the control group. After administration of antioxidant these parameters improved significantly [p<0.05]. In PHZ group we found significant decrease in the percentage of fertility, blastocysts, and the number of arrested embryos in comparison to the control group, which after administration of ethylpyruvate these parameters improved significantly

Conclusion: treatment of the mice with PHZ led to improvement of the sperm parameters and trend of embryological development

Histological and histomorphometrical changes of different regions of oviduct during follicular and luteal phases of estrus cycle in adult Azarbaijan buffalo

In this study the reproductive organs of adult and apparently healthy female Azarbaijan buffaloes were collected after slaughter from abattoir. Through observation of the ovaries, the luteal and follicular phases of each buffalo were specified. A total number of 36 oviducts at follicular phase and 36 oviducts at luteal phase were collected and 3 tissue samples were taken from 3 regions of infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus of each oviduct. Sections were stained through the use of H and E, PAS, verhoffe and toluidine blue methods. Histological observations revealed that the oviduct consists of 4 layers of mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa. The primary and secondary folds decreased both in number and in height from infundibulum to isthmus. Epithelium of folds was composed of simple columnar, although seems pseudostratified in some areas, and contains ciliated and secretory cells. Histomorphometric examinations of three regions demonstrated that the mean height of primary folds increase and the mean thickness of tunica muscularis decrease at follicular phase. The mean thickness of mucosa-submucosa at follicular phase was slightly similar to luteal phase. More visibility of the ciliated cells and mucosal folds in infundibulum and the increase of their height at follicular phase facilitate the capture of the oocyte; the thick tunica muscularis in isthmus transports sperm cells up; and both require promoting fertilization to occur in ampulla

[Histological study of cervix in adult Azarbayjanii buffalo in estrus cycle]

Due the fact that during estrus cycle the genital organs are affected by female reproductive hormones, the physiologic changes more likely will reflected in structural alterations of genital organs. For determination of histological changes during estrus cycle, 20 genital organs from 4-8 years old buffalos were collected from abattoir and 10 specimens were appointed to each phases of estrus cycle. The tissues were stained with H and E, PAS, Verhoeff, Toluidine blue and Van Geisson's methods, respectively for general histological study, carbohydrate, elastic fibers, mast cells, and collagen fibers. Mucosal epithelium was simple columnar and some cells were ciliated and some others recognized by extensive and clear cytoplasm. Epithelium in follicular phase contained PAS positive granules more than the leuteal phase. Collagen fibers revealed more in deep region of mucosa-submucosa and between bundles of muscles. Elastic fibers were observed in connective tissue of tunica muscularis and around of blood vessels. Mast cells were observed in mucosa-submucosa and tunica muscularis. We conclude that; the epithelium of uterine cervix in follicular phase of estrus cycles has secretory activity. The structural firmness and solidity of this organ most probably is due to presence of collagen fibers in mucosa- submucosa layers. More likely, the mast cells involving in histological changes of the cervix during estrus cycle

Histomorphometrical study of the cervix during the oestrous cycle in adult Azarbaijan buffalo

In this study, genital tracts of 20 healthy non-pregnant buffaloes were collected from Urmia abattoir. These genital tracts were selected based on their ovaries conditions, half of them were in follicular phase and the other half were in luteal phase. The samples were taken from anterior, middle and posterior regions of the cervix and fixed in 10% buffer formalin. Then, histological sections of 5-7 micro m thickness were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometrical study and toluidine blue for study of mast cells. Histomorphometrical study was accomplished by graded and latticed objective lens device. The results revealed that the thickness of epithelium significantly [P < 0.05] increased in the luteal phase. Mean thickness of mucosa-submucosa layers in the middle [290.4 +/- 12.69 micro m] and posterior [283.14 +/- 16.49 micro m] regions of the cervix in the follicular phase was significantly more than the luteal phase [P<0.05]. Mean thickness of tunica muscularis increased significantly [P<0.05] during the follicular phase in the anterior region of the cervix [3325.28 +/- 286.69 micro m]. This study also revealed that the mean distribution of mast cells in the luteal phase [0.53 +/- 0.02] was significantly more than the follicular phase [P < 0.001]. Generally, this study showed that the histomorphometrical changes in the cervix of buffalo occur in the follicular and luteal phases of oestrous cycle. These changes may be related to the fluctuation of oestrogen and progesterone hormones and distribution of mast cells

[Histological study of thymus in Maquee sheep fetus]

For developmental study of thymus in different stages of fetal period, from thymus glands of 75 healthy fetuses, histological sections were prepared and stained by H and E, PAS, Verhoeff, Toluidine blue and Van Geisson's methods. This study revealed that, the infiltration and accumulation of lymphocytes in thymus takes place at second month. Medullae were expanded and cortices were seen as accumulation of lymphocytes around them at first half of third month. There were progression in the thymus lobulation and the thicknesses of lobules was increased at second half of the third month. At the fourth month of development, the sizes of thymic lobules were reached to their maximum diameter, but the trabeculae became very thin. In overall, it seems that the most critical period of thymus development in sheep fetus was second half of second month till the end of third month

Histomorphometric study of skin in the sheep fetus

Histogenesis and histomorphometric studies of skin from regions of the face, neck, shoulder and fore-limb were carried out on 75 healthy sheep fetuses, which were collected from Urmia slaughter-house. After measurement of the crown-rump [CR] for determining the age of fetuses, tissue specimens were collected and fixed in 10% buffer formal saline, processed and sectioned into 5-7 micro m thick layers. The sections were stained with H and E method and observed by graduated objective lens. To study the reticular, elastic and collagen fibers and mast cells, appropriate staining methods such as PAS, Verhoeff, Van Gesson and toluidin blue were used, respectively. This study showed that the differentiation of epidermis begins from the end of the second month and rate of epidermal growth in the hind-limb was more than that in other regions studied. Melanocytes appeared in 61-65 days of fetal period in epidermis. The hair follicles were seen as cell accumulations in epidermis that protruded toward dermis in the first half of the third month. The hair follicles growth rate was found to be more in the hind-limb and less in shoulder than that in the other regions studied. Sebaceous and sweat glands appeared from the second half of the third month. They quickly increased in the first half of the fourth month in all studied regions. The sweat glands growth rate on the hind-limb was more than the other sites. The growth of sebaceous glands in shoulder continued till the fifth month. The relationship between thickness of epidermis and its cell layer numbers in all areas were significant [P<0.05] and their correlation coefficient [r = 0.78] in the hind-limb was more than that observed in other regions studied. Collagen fibers appeared during 65-75 days of fetal life, and their accumulation in deep regions of dermis [90-95 days] caused differentiation of dermis to papillary and reticular layers. Reticular and elastic fibers appeared during 55-60 and 70-75 days of fetal life, respectively. Mast cells were scattered in deep regions of dermis in fifth month of fetal period

Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine HI and H2 antagonists on food intake in freely feeding and food-deprived rabbits

To investigate the role of central histamine HI and H2 receptors on food intake in freely feeding and food - deprived rabbits. Experimental study. Forty - two male New Zealand white rabbits weighing between 2.5 - 3 Kg. A 23- gauge, 18mm long stainless steel guide cannula was surgically implanted into the lateral ventricle of brain. Intracerebroventricular injections of normal saline [control], promethazine and ranitidine at the same doses of 50, 100 and 200 microg /rabbit in a volume of 5 microl were performed using a 25 micro1 Hamilton's syringe. Cumulative food intake was measured in freely feeding and food - deprived rabbits at the 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24h after injections. Paired t-test, Factorial ANOVA and Duncan's test. Food deprivation for 16h increased 0.5,1,2, 3 and 6h cumulative food intake. In freely feeding rabbits, promethazine [50 microg] had no effect on food intake, and at the dose of 100 microag increased 1 and 2h feeding after injection, but at the dose of 200 microag increased 2 and 3h post-injection food intake. In the 16h food- deprived rabbits promethazine [50,100 and 200 microg] had no effect. Ranitidine at the doses of 50,100 and 200 microg produced no significant changes on food intake in both freely feeding and food- deprived rabbits. Promethazine did not exert any significant effects on the 6 and 24h post- injection food intake. Based on the results of the present study it is concluded that the blockade of central HI but not H2 receptors induce a short- lasting excitatory effect on food intake. Thus, central HI receptor may have an important role in the central control of feeding behavior

[Histological study of the skin during different developmental stages of Makoyee sheep fetuses]

Objective: study of the histogenesis of skin in sheep and determine the relation between developmental stages of fetuses and histological changes of their skin

Design: developmental investigation on the skin in sheep at the different stages of antenatal growth

Animals: a total of 75 apparently healty embryos were collected from Urmia abatoir

Procedure: immediately after slaughter HandE of sheep, the embryos were taken out and their C.R lengths measured. The skin specimens were taken from face, neck, sholder, and forelimb of the fetuses. The specimens were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed through routine paraffin embedding, cut at 5-7P and stained with HandE, Van Giesson, and Verhoof methods, for study fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic fibers respectively

Results: this study revealed that in second half of second month of antenatal life the epidermis consisted of 1-2 cuboidal epithelial cells, whereas at 61-65 days fetuses, it was made up of stratified squamous or cuboidal type of epithelium. The melanin containing cells were seen at the end of this stage. During this period clausters of epidermal cells accumulation were seen at epidermis, and more likely here were primordial hair follicles which were growing from epidermis towards the dermis. Mesenchymal cells were gathering around this structures. At the first half of third month the collagen, elastic and reticular fibers, fibroblasts and leukocytes were appeared between mesenchymal cells. At the second half of third month the epidermis was apparently stratified squamous with the same degrees of cornification's. At first half of fourth month, an increase in thickness of epidermis was observed and at this time the hair follicles were in the form of inverted cup. The sebaceous and sweat glands were in bud forms around the hair follicles at 90- 95 and 11 5-120 days respectively. The developmental changes were faster in sholder than the other regions

Conclusion: this study showed that at first half of second month the epidermis of developing fetuses were containing simple cuboidal epithelial cells without apparent differentiations, whereas at the end of this stage beginning of differentiation was observed. The superficial layer of the two layered epidermis known as periderm. This cells were appeared in amniotic fluid at first half of prenatal period. It presumed that, the mesenchymal tissue in vicinities of epidermis has inductive role on the differentiation of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. However we conclude that the skin and its associated structures are differentiating from second half of fourth month of antenatal life