RESUMO
Background and Objective: Probiotc bacteria have benefical effect on consumer health. This study was done to investigate the antimicrobial effect of several probiotic in combinations with different prebiotics against food patoghenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes
Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, probiotics including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. fermntum, L. casei and L. rhamnosus with prebiotics [1%] including raffinose, lactulose, inulin and trehalose were cultured in MRS broth for 24 hours at 30[degree]C in anaerobic conditions. Antimicrobial property of them was determined with well diffusion plate's method
Results: Probiotics in the presence of prebiotics indicated the higher antimicrobial effect compared to probiotics alone [P<0.05]. The application of prebiotics such as L. casei with raffinose showed higher antimicrobial property against Listeria monocytogenes than the free prebiotics consumption. The diameter of inhibitory growth zone in the presence of raffinose as a prebiotics was 14.66 mm and its absence reduced to 11.75 mm
Conclusion: Antimicrobial effect of probiotics in combination with prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was higher than probiotics consumption alone
RESUMO
Background and Purpose: Technological Progress and urbanization have caused lead pollution in air, water and earth, and higher lead intakes into the body have renal and nervous disorders. Since ascorbic acid acts as an can antioxidant, can it reduce the toxic effects of lead in kidneys? In order to answer this question, this study was designed to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic effects of ascorbic acid on the kidney of male rabbits exposed to lead
Methods and Materials: This experimental research was conducted on 40 white male rabbits at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. After adapting to the new environment, rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups of ten: a control group, exclusive ascorbic acid group, exclusive lead group and the fourth group receiving both lead and ascorbic acid. After a 40- day diet, they were anaesthetized by pentobarbital, and their kidneys were extracted. Tissue processing was conducted after kidneys were weighed and measured. Also, five-micron sections were prepared through serial sections, stained with H and E. The slides were studied using a light microscope. ANOVA and t-test were used in data analysis
Results: Mean weight and dimension of the Kidneys were not significantly different across the four groups. Proximal convoluted tubules were observed in the exclusive lead group, but not in other three groups
Conclusion: Ascorbic acid was effective in reducing the toxic effects of lead on kidney tissues
RESUMO
Fixed orthodontic appliances are considered to be a clinical risk factor in terms of gingival and enamel integrity, because of plaque accumulation around the bracket bases which increases the levels of microorganisms. Although chlorohexidine significantly reduces plaque accumulation, but its side effects prevents its common use. The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the antibacterial effects of two herbal mouthwashes of persica and matrica with chlorhexidine in fixed orthodontic patients. A total of 68 orthodontic patients of 13-19 years old [who referred to a private clinic in 2002] with good oral hygiene were randomized into 4 groups. Group 1 [control] used water, group 2 used Chlorhexidine, group 3 used Persica and group 4 used matrica, twice a day for 3 weeks. The number of all bacterial colonies around the ring elastics of the upper canine and premolar growing in the culture media were counted before [T[1]] immediately after [T[2]] and 3 weeks after [T[3]] the use of the mouthwashes and water in all 4 groups and analyzed. Chlorhexidine, Persica and Matrica mouthwashes significantly reduced the amount of bacteria around the brackets immediately and after 20 days after their use. The inter group comparison showed that persica and matrica at T[2] and T[3] had significant differences with chlorhexidine group. So, Chlorhexidine was the most effective antibacterial mouthwash in T[2] and T[3]. Persica and Matrica groups showed no significant differences both in T[2] and T[3], but had significant difference with the control group. The use of herbal mouthwashes such as Persica and Matrica in orthodontic patients can significantly reduce the amount of microorganisms around the bracket bases without any side effect such as tooth discoloration which is seen with Chlorhexidine