Determinants of depression anxiety stress among left behind families in azad jammu and kashmir

Objective: To investigate the determinants of depression, anxiety and unmanageable stress among left behind wives of overseas migrants in Azad Jammu and Kashmir [AJ and K]

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: International Islamic University Islamabad, 2015

Materials and Method: The sample comprised of 200 left behind wives, selected from two districts of AJ and K through purposive sampling technique. Depression anxiety stress scale along with a demographic sheet was used for the data collection. A t-test and one way analysis of variance [ANOVA] were computed

Results: Findings indicated significantly high depression [M=18.77, p<0.01] stress [M=21.5, p<0.001] among left behind wives belonging to joint family system as compared to left behind wives of nuclear families. Present study has found significant differences on depression [M=18.34, p<0.01] anxiety [M=15.12, p<0.01] and stress [M=21.78, p<0.01] among left behind wives having physical illness. Significantly high depression [M=16.64, p<0.05] and stress [M=19.94, p<0.01] were measured among non-working left behind wives as compared to working left behind wives. Findings of the present study showed significant difference on depression F [7,192] = 2.592, p<0.05 and stress F [7,192] = 2.117, p<0.05 among left behind wives because of the duration of their husbands' migration

Conclusion: Study found more prevalence of depression and stress as compared to anxiety among left behind wives

Frequency of IgA nephropathy presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objective: to determine the frequency of IgA nephropathy presenting at a tertiary care hospital

Study Design: a cross sectional, observational study

Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad and Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from November 2008 to November 2014

Methodology: this was a retrospective analysis of renal biopsies for the diagnosis of nephropathy during the study period. Biopsies were stained with fluorescence isothyocyanate [FITC] labelled antibodies against IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4 and C1q for fluorescent microscopy. For histopathological examination, the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Periodic acid Schiff and methanamine silver stains for light microscopy

Results: out of total 1,658 renal biopsy cases, 142 [8.6%] were diagnosed as IgA nephropathy on light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Majority of IgA nephropathy patients were young [mean age = 33.2] and presented with proteinuria. The frequency rose from 2% in 2008 to 9.4% in 2014

Conclusion: IgA nephropathy was present in younger population and has a rising trend in our population

Morbidity associated with obesity in pregnancy

Obesity is associated with increased risk of illness and disability. It is one of the leading preventable causes of death in the World. Major maternal complications associated with obesity include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, respiratory diseases, infections and birth defects and even decreased fertility. Economic consequences of obesity are operative delivery and its complications, prolonged hospital stay. 1. To review maternal and fetal morbidity associated with obesity. 2. To observe the mode of delivery in obese pregnant female. Observational study [cross section]. This study was conducted at Khair-un-Nisa Hospital affiliated with Fatima Memorial Hospital from April 2011 to October 2011. 60 patients were enrolled in this study. Women with BMI more than 30 were included in our study. BMI was calculated by pre-pregnancy weight or weight during first trimester at booking within outpatient department. Patients with history of chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus were not included in the study. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in our young population. In this study mean age is 30 years +/- SD 91.25. Most of the patients had BMI 33 +/- SD 2.80. Hypertension, diabetes, urinary tract infection 18.33%, congenital abnormalities 16.7%. Most of the patients ended on LSCS 30.5%, wound infection noted in 11 patients 18.3%. During normal vaginal delivery 4 patients 6.7% had third degree prenieal tear and 11 patients had post-partum hemorrhage. Fetal complications were birth asphyxia in 8 [13.3%] neonates and shoulder dystocia in 2 [3.3%] babies. Obesity is a public health problem because of its prevalence, cost and health effects. Maternal obesity carries significant risk for mother and fetus. Risk increases with degree of obesity. Feto-maternal morbidity associated with it, can be prevented by creating awareness and preventing overweight and obesity in adults and children