A comprehensive overview on the role of phytocompounds in human immunodeficiency virus treatment / 中西医结合学报

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Newer medicines for eliminating the viral reservoir and eradicating the virus are urgently needed. Attempts to locate relatively safe and non-toxic medications from natural resources are ongoing now. Natural-product-based antiviral candidates have been exploited to a limited extent. However, antiviral research is inadequate to counteract for the resistant patterns. Plant-derived bioactive compounds hold promise as powerful pharmacophore scaffolds, which have shown anti-HIV potential. This review focuses on a consideration of the virus, various possible HIV-controlling methods and the recent progress in alternative natural compounds with anti-HIV activity, with a particular emphasis on recent results from natural sources of anti-HIV agents. Please cite this article as: Mandhata CP, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. A comprehensive overview on the role of phytocompounds in human immunodeficiency virus treatment. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):332-353.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of nose and paranasal sinuses with orbital extension

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours are rare softtissue tumours consisting of a spindle-cell malignancy arising from a peripheral nerve. Most of these tumours arise on the extremities and are rare in the head and neck region. A 33-year-old woman patient was referred to our hospital with progressive nasal obstruction and discharge occasionally mixed with blood since 1 year. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a polypoid mass completely occupying the right nasal cavity, with a grossly left-deviating nasal septum. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses revealed an expansile soft-tissue mass filling the right nasal cavity, which extended to the right maxillary sinus with an erosion of the right lamina papyracea and an extension to the right orbit. Biopsy revealed the mass to be a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tests. The tumour was removed under general anaesthesia by nasal endoscopy and right medial maxillectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on day-6 after. She was given chemotherapy and is under regular follow-ups, with no recurrence of the disease since 2 years

Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To record surveillance, antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection (UTI)-causing bacteria that were cultured on suitable selective media and identified by biochemical tests; and their antibiograms were ascertained by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method, in each 6-month interval of the study period, using 18 antibiotics of five different classes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From wards and cabins, 1 245 samples were collected, from which 996 strains of bacteria belonging to 11 species were isolated, during April 2011 to September 2012. Two Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and nine Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Both S. aureus and E. faecalis were vancomycin resistant, and resistant-strains of all pathogens increased in each 6-month period of study. Particularly, all Gram-negatives were resistant to nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole, the most preferred antibiotics of empiric therapy for UTI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Antibiograms of 11 UTI-causing bacteria recorded in this study indicated moderately higher numbers of strains resistant to each antibiotic studied, generating the fear of precipitating fervent episodes in public health particularly with bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. aureus. Moreover, vancomycin resistance in strains of S. aureus and E. faecalis is a matter of concern.</p>