Uso y conocimiento tradicional de plantas medicinales en comunidades de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México / Use and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in communities of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico

The use and knowledge of native and naturalized medicinal plants were evaluated in four communities of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. The information was obtained through semi - structured surveys conducted with 1 18 people of different age and gender categories. To determine the most important plant species, indexes of value and frequency of use were generated. Seventy - nine species of 49 families were recorded, as well as their use in the treatment of various disea ses according to local knowledge. The species with the highest value of use were Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) and Psidium guajava L. (guava). (guava). The most important families by number of specie s used were, in order of importance: Asteraceae and Rutaceae with five species Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae with four species each.

Se evaluaron el uso y conocimiento de las plantas medicinales nativas y naturalizadas en cuatro comunidades de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México. La información se obtuvo a través de encuestas semiestructuradas realizadas a 118 personas de distintas categorías de edad y género. Para determinar las especies de plantas más importantes se generaron índices de valor y frecuencia de uso. Se registraron 79 especies de 49 familias, así como su uso en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades de acuerdo al conocimiento local. Las especies con mayor valor de uso fueron Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (sábila), Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (albahaca) y Psidium guajava L. (guayaba). Las familias más importantes por el número de especies utilizadas fueron, en orden de importancia: Asteraceae y Rutaceae con cinco especies, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae y Rosaceae con cuatro especies cada una.

Species richness of scavenger insects on different carcass types

@#The type and amount of resources available significantly influences the structure and dynamics of food webs. In this study, we analyzed differences in species richness of scavengers based on carcass type in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We collected insects from experimental carcasses of three different types, domestic dogs (Canidae, Canis lupus familiaris), Hijazi goats (Bovidae, Capra aegagrus hircus), and camels (Camelidae, Camelus dromedarius). Data collection was conducted during the decay stage in June, 2016. We used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) barcodes as a marker for the molecular identification of the scavenger insects. The results showed that there were more insects on the camels and goats than the dogs. In total, seven species were found on all carrions. Six species were found on the camels and goats, but only five were found on the dog. Musca domestica was the most collected species of flies whereas, Necrobia rufipes was the most collected species of beetles. Overall, this study showed that carrion type had an effect on the type and number of insects attracted to the carrions. Thus, one of the significant factors that influence the associated scavenger assemblage is a carcass type.

Saber etnobotánico, riqueza y valor de uso de plantas medicinales en Monterrey, Villa Corzo, Chiapas (México) / Ethnobotanical knowledge, richness and use value of medicinal plants in the community "Monterrey", Villa Corzo, Chiapas (México)

Se registraron 73 especies de plantas medicinales naturalizadas o nativas de la comunidad Monterrey, municipio de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México. Para el levantamiento de la información, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a una muestra de 119 personas, categorizadas por edad y sexo. Se determinó la familia botánica de cada una de las plantas identificadas, así como el índice de riqueza de conocimiento, el valor de uso y la frecuencia de uso. Dentro de las especies más usadas se encuentran la Verbena (Verbena officinalis L.), la Manzanilla (Chamaemelum nobile L.) y la Albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.), la Sábila (Aloe barbadensis Miller) y la Ruda (Ruta chalepensis L.), que presentan el mayor índice de riqueza de conocimiento, así como de valor de uso. Las familias más representadas por especies de uso botánico fueron Asteraceae con diez especies, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae con cuatro y Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Lauraceae y Rubiaceae, con tres especies.

Seventy-three species of naturalized or native medicinal plants of the Monterrey community, municipality of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico were registered. A semi-structured interview was applied to a sample of 119 people, categorized by age and sex. The botanical family of each identified plants was determined, as well as the index of knowledge richness, the use value and the frequency of use. Among the most used species are the Verbena (Verbena officinalis L), the Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) and the Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), the Aloe (Aloe barbedensis Miller) and the Rue (Ruta chalepensis L.), which showed the highest rate of richness of knowledge, as well as use value. The botanical families most represented by species of medicinal use were Asteraceae with ten species, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae with four and Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Lauraceae and Rubiaceae, with three species.

Continuous wound instillation as a method for prolonged postoperative analgesia after lumber disk prolapse surgery.

Continuous wound instillation is a method to enhance postoperative analgesia and this study was designed to clarify its rule after lumbar disc prolapse surgery, forty patients undergoing removal of lumbar disc were randomly divided into two groups, group I received in morphine sulphate IV infusion plus meloxicam for 24 h and group II received IV saline. In both groups mulithole 16 gauge catheter was placed subcutaneously. In group II wound infiltration was done by ropivacaine 0.5 %40 ml then continuous infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% 5ml / h was maintained for 48 hours. In group I normal saline infused at the same rate. Pain scores were taken at rest and on passive mobilization. Pain scoring and rescue medication requirements [meloxicam and tramadol] were significantly less in group II. Postoperative blood loss was less, hospital stay was shorter in group II. Clinical assessment for early prediction of systemic toxicity for local ropivacaine was done, but no side effects were observed. These results suggest that wound infiltration and continuous instillation of ropivacaine 0.2% is effective for pain management after disc prolapse surgery

Intrathecael meperidine for decreasing shivering during transuretheral resection of the prostate

Shivering associated with spinal anesthesia is accompanied with many undesirable effects which include patient discomfort irritability, interference with patient monitoring and substantial increase in oxygen consumption up to 5 folds than the normal range. This study was assigned to determine whether intrathecal meperidine [0.2 mg] decrease the incidence and intensity of shivering after spinal anesthesia for transuretheral resection of the prostate. All patients received 3 ml of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% plus meperidine 0.2 mg /kg in group A and 3 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% plus normal saline in group B [control group]. Patients were assessed for level of sensory block, number of blocked segments, blood pressure, heart rate, core temperature [Tgmpanic] and shivering intensity, arterial blood gases preoperatively and half an hour after the highest sensory level was reached, regression time of motor and sensory block. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regard blood pressure, core temperature changes, spread of sensory analgesia motor block and regression time of both, intra and postoperative side effects including vomiting, hypotension, pruritus, urine retention. However there was a statistically significant difference as regard the incidence of shivering which was lower in group A [p < 0.05]. We concluded that intrathecal meperidine 0.2 mg /kg is effective in reducing the incidence and intensity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia for transuretheral resection of the prostate

effects of adding tramadol or clonidine to ropivacaine on postoperative caudal analgesia in children

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of single-dose caudal ropivacaine ropivacaine plus tramadol and ropivacaine plus clonidine in children for postoperative pain management. Following informed parental consent, 60 ASA physical status I or II children, between 5 and 10 years of age, scheduled for elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair with general anesthesia were recruited. After standardized technique of general anesthesia in all groups, the patients were randomly divided into three equal groups to receive either caudal ropivacaine alone [0.2%, 2 mg /kg] in group R or ropivacaine [0.1 %, 1 mg/kg] plus tramadol [1.0 mg /kg] in group RT or ropivacaine [0.1 %, 1 mg/kg] plus clonidine [1 microg/ kg] in group RC. Mean arterial blood pressure [MAP] heart rate [HR], peripheral O2 saturation [SpO2], respiratory rate [RR], degree and duration of motor block, pain and sedation scores were recorded

Results: - No difference was found regarding age, weight, sex and duration of surgery between the studied groups [P> 0.05]. No patient experienced, hypotension, bradycardia or respiratory depression. Duration of analgesia was longer in ropivacaine clonidine group compared to other groups. The degree and duration of motor block was significantly higher in ropivacaine alone group than ropivacaine clonidine and ropivacaine tramadol group. Sedation scores were below 2 in all groups. The Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was higher in ropivacaine tramadol group, however, this does not reach a statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference as regard the incidence of shivering or time to first micturation in the studied groups. We concluded that, the addition of either clonidine 1 microg / kg or tramadol 1 mg / kg to caudal ropivacaine 0.1 %, 1 ml/kg prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia in children recovering from inguinal hernia repair with less intensity and duration of motor block in comparison with caudal ropivacaine 0.2% 1 ml/kg