prognostic significance of proliferative factors, angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase in non small cell lung carcinoma

The outcome of surgical treatment of non small cell lung carcinoma [NSCLC] remains poor. In many patients the biological behavior of NSCLC does not follow a definite pattern, and can not be accurately predicted before treatment. Thus, the proliferative potential of tumor cells, angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] are an important prognostic factors. In the present study, expression of cyclin D1, CD34, MMP-2 and AgNORs count was estimated in a group of 80 surgically resected NSCLC using immunohistochemistry. The results were compared with clinicopathological parameters including patients' survival 41 cases [51.3%] revealed positive immunoreactivity for cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 overexpression is significantly higher [<0.05] in patients with lymph node metastasis [63.3% versus 15%], and with advanced pathological stages [stage I, 12.5%, II 37.5%, III 60% and IV 86.7%]. Patients with cyclin D1 positive immanoreactivity revealed a significantly shorter overall survival than patients with negativity. There is no significant correlation [p > 0.05] between CD34 score and histological type and grade, while there is significant positive correlation [p < 0.05] between high CD34 score and lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor stage and shorter over survival. No significant correlations [p > 0.05] were found between MMP-2 expression and histological type, grade and lymph node metastasis. In contrast the intensity of MMP-2 staining in tumor cells correlated significantly [p < 0.05] with tumor stage, and distant metastasis. Overall survival was shorter in patient with MMP-2 expression, although the difference does not reach statistical significant AgNORs count was found to correlate significantly [p < 0.05] with tumor grade, and the size, shape and distribution pattern was found to show a characteristic difference between non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. In conclusion, an overexpression of cyclin D1, angiogenesis, expression of MMP-2 and high AgNORs count are a poor prognostic factors for NSCLC, also MMP-2 and AgNORs can be used to differentiate between non-neoplastic and neoplastic lung lesions

Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor and P27 protein expression in colorectal carcinoma

Clinicopathological data and the expression of direct cellular growth, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] and tumor suppressor gene p27 were studied by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections of 50 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma [CRC] in Egyptian patients, to evaluate their role in predicting patients prognosis. EGFR was expressed in 26 out of 50 cases [52%]. There is a significant conrrelation between expression of EGFR and tumor differentiation [p < 0.001] and 5-year survival rate [p < 0.001]. EGFR expression had no statistically significant correlation with Clinicopathological parameters including histological type, size, site, and stage. Lack or low p27 expression was noted in 15 out of 50 [30%] cases of CRC [p < 0.05]. This altered expression was significantly higher in proximal cancer [p < 0.05], mucinous tumors [p < 0.001], poorly differentiated histololgy [p < 0.01]. Overall survival was better in the patient group with altered level of p27 expression, although the difference does not reach statistical significance [p > 0.05]. In conclusion, EGFR overexpression has been found to be related to a poor prognosis of CRC, and loss or p27 protein expression was associated with poorly differentiated CRC and may be part of the genetic pathway, which is responsible for the development of some CRC

Determination of the prognostic value of cyclin D1, C-erb B-2, KI-67 and the nucleolar organizer regions [AgNORs] in breast cancer

Four different types of measurements of prognostic factors [cyclin Dl, C-erb B-2, Ki-67 and AgNORs] were applied to a series of 70 breast lesions representing, 35 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 10 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma, 5 cases of tubular carcinoma, 10 cases of ducted carcinoma in situ, 10 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH], in addition to 7 cases of normal breast tissue as a control, in combination with clinicopathological parameters to evaluate their prognostic significance in breast cancer. Expression of cyclin Dl is negative in atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH] and ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]. However, in 29/50 [58%] of invasive cancer breast, positive expression of cyclin Dl was observed. There is a significant association was observed between cyclin Dl expression and distant metastasis, recurrence, and five-year survival rate of the patients with breast cancer. There is also a significant correlation between C-erb B-2 expression and distant metastases, recurrence and 5-year survival rate. The Ki-67 label index and AgNORs count was found to correlate significantly and increased gradually with progression of breast lesions. The AgNORs size, shape and distribution was found to show a characteristic difference between benign, atypical and malignant groups. Malignant cells were characterized by an irregularly scattered distribution of AgNORs and by a pleomorphic size and shape of the dots in comparison to the round, uniform and regular size and shape of the AgNORs dots in benign lesions. Positive expression of cyclin DI C-erb B-2, Ki-67 and high AgNORs score could be serve as a poor prognostic markers for patients with breast carcinoma independent of nodal metastases and clinical parameters, also expression of cyclin Dl could help in diagnosis of early invasion of breast carcinoma

Significance of P27, P53, BAX and CD44 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma in predicting for cervical lymph node metastasis

Expression of p27, p53, Bax and CD44 was investigated in 30 papillary thyroid carcinoma [PTC] with or without cervical nodal metastasis to determine the role of immunohistochemical marker for prediction of neck metastasis in these patients. p27 expression in the non-metastasizing PTC was lower than normal thyroid tissue [p < 0.01] and higher than metastasizing PTC [p 0.01], p53 immunoreactivity was present, faint [grade 1] in 2 cases [11%] and moderate [grade 2] in one case [5.5%] of non-metastasizing PTC, while 15 [83.5%] cases of non-metastasizing PTCs and all of metastasizing PTCs and normal thyroid tissue had no immunoreactivity for p53. There was no statistically significant difference among all groups of immunoreactivity for p53. Expression of Bax in patients with PTC was more than normal thyroid tissue [p < 0.01]. However, non-metastasizing and metastasizing PTC was similar. The results indicate that the metastasizing PTC showed significantly low CD44 expression than the non-metastasizing PTC [p < 0.05], also the metastasizing and non-metastasizing PTC showed significantly less CD44 expression than the normal thyroid tissue [p < 0.05]. The immunohistochemical evaluation of p27 and CD44 expression in patients with PTC may be useful to predict for metastasis risk of the PTC to regional lymph nodes

Effect of paracetamol on gastric erosions induced by indomethacin in rats

Gastric mucosal injury induced by application of indomethacin, as a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug [NSAID], is a well- documented phenomenon. This study examined the effect of acetaminophen [paracetamol] on indomethacin. - induced gastric erosions. One hundred adult albino rats of both sexes. weighing 200-250 gm were divided into two main groups. including a group of 10 rats acts as a control. The first group was to study the effect of a single oral dose of indomethacin. paracetamol and both drugs on the gastric mucosa. and the second group was to study the effect of repeated administration of each drug and both drugs together. The animals were killed and the histopathological changes of the stomach were examined microscopically. Single therapeutic dose of indomethacin was found to induce multiple gastric erosions which these were more markced after repeated administration of the drug. Single dose or prolonged administration of paracetamol were followed by very minimal changes in the gastric mucosa. Simultaneous administration of both drugs was found to reduce the pathological lesions induced by indomethacin alone, whereas the pretreatment with paraceramol one hour before a single oral dose of ndomethacin did not affect its erosive activity. Post - treatment with paracetamol reduces the erosive effect of indomethacin either in a single dose or after repeated administration. The pathogenesis of gastric erosions and ulcers was believed to he due to prostaglandin inhibition. Indomethacin was known as a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, whereas paracetamol is a very weak inhibitor of prostaglandin production. It is also found that paracetamol had a protective action against the erosive effect of indomethacin and this appears to be mediated by mucosat regeneration, probably resulting from increased production of mucosa growth factors. So, the use of paractamal as antipyretic and analgesic drug is recommended instead of indomethacin. or they are administrated simultaneously with or after indomethacin when there is a possibility of gastric mucosal injury, especially in prolonged treatment

Free living amoebae as opportunistic parasites in immunocompromised hosts

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the opportunistic ability and the behavior of non-pathogenic or low virulent strains of FLA introduced experimentally into immunosuppressed mice. That may throw light on accidental infection by FLA in immunocompromised human cases