Multiple unilateral variations in medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus and their branches / 대한해부학회지

During routine dissection of the upper extremity of an adult male cadaver, multiple variations in branches of medial and lateral cords of brachial plexus were encountered. Three unique findings were observed. First, intercordal neural communications between the lateral and medial cords were observed. Second, two lateral pectoral nerves and one medial pectoral nerve were seen to arise from the lateral and medial cord respectively. The musculocutaneous nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis. Finally, the ulnar nerve arose by two roots from the medial cord. Knowledge of such variations is of interest to anatomists, radiologists, neurologists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons. The aim of our study is to provide additional information about abnormal brachial plexus and its clinical implications.

Anomalous composition of musculature of the first dorsal fibro-osseous compartment of the wrist

The anomalous orientation of musculature of the first dorsal fibro-osseous compartment of the wrist is clinically relevant to De Quervian's stenosing tenosynovitis and reconstructive surgeries. Split insertion of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is commonly found in chimpanzees, gorillas and gibbons. A comparable identical pattern of anomalous slips in humans is of anthropological and phylogenetic importance and could be a result of atavism. This case report describes an unusual fused muscle belly of the APL and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), which split into three slips--medial, intermediate and lateral. Further, the medial slip was seen to divide into two tendons, inserting on the base of the first metacarpal along with the intermediate slip. The lateral slip divided into three tendons, inserting into the base of the proximal phalanx, base of the first metacarpal and abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The fusion and unusual insertion pattern of the APL and EPB merits documentation for reconstructive procedures such as tendon transfer and interposition arthroplasty.

Quadrifurcation of the hepatic artery proper in conjunction with double right gastric arteries

Descriptions of the variant hepatic arterial pattern are common and frequently reported in anatomy archives. We describe a noteworthy deviation from the usual branching pattern in a single cadaver. There was a unique division of the hepatic artery proper into two right gastric arteries (RGAs), apart from the usual branches. Furthermore, an arterial loop was formed by these two RGAs, giving off another RGA, which we termed 'right gastric proper'. This report attempts to evaluate the embryological basis of the anomaly. The significance of this anomalous hepatic arterial pattern is appreciated while performing liver transplantations, hepatic artery infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs and Doppler angiographic procedures. We advocate meticulous familiarisation with the anatomy of the coeliac trunk and its topographic relationship to vital viscera for the operating hepatobiliary surgeon and radiologist.

Humero - bicipito - articularis: a rare accessory muscle of the arm

Anomalies related to the musculature of the upper limb are extremely important for plastic and orthopedic surgeons in their clinical practice. The present study reports the presence of a rare accessory muscle in the flexor compartment of the arm with its morphological description and also highlights its clinical relevance. We encountered a rare accessory muscle in the region of upper arm of an adult male Indian cadaver in the Anatomy department. The anatomical details of this accessory muscle were studied in detail and appropriate photograph was taken. An accessory muscle in the flexor compartment of the right upper arm was observed. The muscle originated from the proximal part of the humeral shaft and displayed insertion into the lateral border of the short head of biceps brachii It's fibers also blended with the fibrous capsule of the shoulder joint. The plethora of muscular variations in this important anatomic area is of utmost significance to the surgeon performing reconstructive and explorative procedures