RESUMO
Postural tachycardia syndrome [POTS] is a chronic condition with frequent symptoms of orthostatic intolerance or with sympathetic activation and excessive tachycardia while standing, without significant hypotension. The aim of this review was to discuss the pathogenesis and to outline the diagnosis and treatment guidelines. We conducted a literature review of articles published up to 2017, in following databases; PubMed, and Embase investigating postural tachycardia syndrome in children. We restricted our search to only English published articles with human subjects concerning children under 16 years. POTS is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that could create considerable disability amongst previously healthy people. Patients with POTS show a HR rise of 30 bpm within 10 min of standing [or greater in kids], are typically hyperadrenergic, and tend to have a reduced blood volume. The pathophysiology of POTS is complex and the result of a variety of separate systems producing a common pattern of signs. The specific pathogenesis of POTS has yet not been completely clear. A variety of uncommon factors might be involved in the pathogenesis. Selecting the correct therapy according to the detailed pathogenesis could absolutely enhance the efficiency of medicine. Treatments targeting the hypovolemia and the excess sympathetic nervous system activation may assist eliminate symptoms
RESUMO
Background: Nutritional anemia or anemia due to dietary causes is the most common form, yet, it is the easiest to manage compared to other forms of anemia. Some of the most common nutritional deficiencies are iron, cobalamin, folate, and also other elements like copper. Anemia due to diet is mostly asymptomatic in the initial phase until the stores are depleted, which can take a few months to several years, depending upon the cause
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE fromJanuary 1987 toMarch 2017. The following search terms were used: nutritional anemia, dietary anemia, iron deficiency anemia, cobalamin deficiency, folic acid deficiency anemia, dietary anemia treatment
Aim of the work: In this study we aimed at understanding the different types of anemia caused as a result of dietary deficiency. We also briefly studied their presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment
Conclusion: Various causes of anemia, presentations, and complications associated with the different types of nutritional anemia, which is considered the easiest to treat and manage. Most cases are due to an underlying occult disorder rather than simple dietary insufficiency. Diagnosis can be more difficult in some cases, and require thorough history and investigations and integration to reach to an accurate conclusion and consequently treat the underlying cause
RESUMO
Introduction: The incidence of pneumonia among elderly is 4 times higher than younger individuals, with elevated risks of hospital admissions and high mortality rates. The most important and common infectious cause of death among old patients remains to be community acquired pneumonia. It is essential to properly assess severity of the disease to decide appropriate management ranging from antibiotics, hospitalization, and intensive care
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: pneumonia, elderly pneumonia, intensive care unit, community acquired pneumonia, management and prevention
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the prevalence, etiology and intensive care management of pneumonia in the elderly
Conclusion: Community acquired pneumonia continues to be the leading cause of death due to infectious diseases among patients older than 65 years. It is also associated with significant amounts of long term morbidities. Proper assessment will have a significant impact on the burden of healthcare use, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and consequently, clinical and survival outcomes