Variations Of Origin And Distance Of Axillary Nerve: A Descriptive Study

Background–Axillary nerve, one of the terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus is more prone for inju-ries. Lack of proper anatomical knowledge and variations of axillary nerve leads to risk of nerve injuries. The present study describes the origin of axillary nerve, its distance of origin from tip of coracoids process. Method: Thirty brachi-al plexuses from fifteen formalin fixed human cadavers of both the sexes were studied by dissection method. Origin and branching pattern of axillary nerve and its distance of origin from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid pro-cess & posterolateral aspect of acromion process was recorded. Results:Out of the 30 specimens studied, axillary nerve was originating from the posterior cord of brachial plexus in 90% of specimens, remaining 10% specimens showed a common trunk of origin of axillary nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus. The mean distance of origin of axillary nerve from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process and posterolateral aspect of acromion process is 3.98cm & 6.30cm respectively. The axillary nerve terminated into anterior and posterior branch within quadrangular space in 29 specimens. In one specimen articular branch for shoulder joint was not directly arising from axillary nerve instead it is arising from anterior branch of axillary nerve. Conclusion: In studied population Axil-lary nerves display variations in the origin and distance of origin. Knowledge of this variation in axillary nerve is very important to clinicians, anaesthetists and orthopaedic surgeons during surgical exploration of neck, axilla and upper arm, shoulder dislocation, infraclavicular brachial plexus block and fracture of surgical neck of humerus.

Variation In The Number Of Nutrient Foramina In Long Bones Of Lower Limb In Central India

Background: The major blood supply of long bone is from the nutrient arteries, these nutrient arteries enter thebone through a foramen called nutrient foramen. This is an opening into the shaft of a bone. Nutrient foramengives passage to the blood vessels of the bone. The nutrient foramen has a particular position for every bone andthe direction of foramen is away from growing end of bone.Objective: The aim of the present study was to study the anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina inhuman lower limb long bones.Materials and Method: The study was performed on 120 lower limb long bones which included 40 femur, 40 tibiaand 40 fibula. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy, R.K.D.F Medical college hospital & researchcentre and R.K.D.F Dental college & hospital Bhopal.Results: The variations were found in number and position of nutrient foramen in different lower limb longbones. Double and triple foramina were observed in femur. In few lower limb long bones nutrient foramen wasabsent.Conclusion: The knowledge of these foramina is useful in orthopaedics certain operative procedures as well asin plastic and reconstructive surgery, to avoid harm to the nutrient artery.