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Aims: The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the performance of an automatic fish feeder- to enhance aquacultural practices and farmponds Place and Duration of Study: The research study was conducted at Madakasira, (Latitude: 13°56?55.96? N and Longitude: 77°18?45.38? E) which is located in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The mean annual temperature and annual rainfall of the study area are 27.6°C and 532 mm, respectively. Most of the rainfall (~80%) is received during South-West monsoon. The experiment study was conducted from March?June, 2018. Methodology: Automatic fish feeder includes both electrical and mechanical mechanism. The materials includes for the development of the feeder was cone shape hopper, top covering lid, base, 12V DC motor, 12V 7Ah Rechargeable Lead Acid Battery, Arduino Uno, Bluetooth HC-05 module, 5v Relay, DC-DC step-down converter. The developed feeder was operated with the help of mobile app by using Bluetooth HC-05 module. The spreading distance and amount of feed spread, opening angles of the feeder were evaluated during the research period. Results: Our results showed that the amount of feed spread was maximum (140 g m-1) with 1.0 m height and was minimum (101 g m-1) at 0.2 m height. This results clearly shows that the fish feeder has to be kept at maximum height so that it covers maximum spreading distance with minimum loss of fish feed by drift. With increase in height of the machine from ground surface, the spreading distance of the fish feed from the feeding machine was also increased. Conclusion: Farmers were satisfied with this new technology which helps to avoid manual feeding and provides the clean environment.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan acquired autoimmune disease. The clinical picture can vary greatly. Lupus nephritis (LN), which affects about 50% of SLE patients, is associated with high morbidity and death. While renal histologic alterations are evident in almost all patients with SLE, clinical renal involvement only affects 40% to 75% of those individuals. Because of this, some patients who have nephritis on their renal biopsy may not actually have clinical kidney disease (silent nephritis). In this article, we discuss a case of silent lupus nephritis (SLN) with respect to clinical presentation, laboratory findings, diagnosis and outcome.
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Objective: To assess the incidence of cystic changes in the impacted lower third molar (ILTM) in which the pericoronal (follicular) space is less than 2.5 mm as measured from the radiograph. The relationship between the cystic changes and patient's age, sex, and angular position and contact of ILTM with adjacent tooth was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Follicular space less than 2.5 mm as measured from the panoramic radiograph was included in the study. A total of 73 tissue samples collected during the extraction ILTM were examined histopathologically. Then the data were analyzed for associations with age, sex, angular position, and contact of the ILTM with an adjacent tooth. Results: There were 37 male and 36 female patients, age ranging from 17 to 35 years (mean 23.95 years). Out of 73 specimens, 17 (23.3%) showed cystic changes; among them 16 (22.1%) showed dentigerous cysts and 1 (1.2%) showed odontogenic keratocysts. Most of the cystic changes occurred in the 26-30 year age range. The cystic changes showed male predominance but could not gain statistical significance. The relationship between cystic changes and angular position was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Higher probability was found in distoangular positioned ILTM. The relationship between cystic changes and communication of ILTM with the second molar was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Incidence of cystic changes in ILTM justifies extraction of the impacted tooth associated with symptoms. The decision to extract or not to extract impacted third molar should be individualized, rather than generalized.
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Salivary gland examination is an important part of oral examination, especially because of it's involvement in most of the systemic diseases. Patients most commonly seek medical attention when the major salivary glands like parotid and submandibular gland become enlarged or painful. The various imaging modalities practiced to check the salivary gland disorders include conventional radiography, sialography, ultrasonography, computerized tomography, radionuclide imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Sialography is one of the oldest imaging procedures and still most commonly practiced, as it is a chair side procedure, simple to perform, and cost effective. We report the role of sialography as an adjuvant in the diagnosis of bacterial sialadenitis and sialadenosis and as a diagnostic and therapeutic aid in a case of juvenile recurrent parotitis.