Mucormycosis of left maxilla: A case report and review

Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive infection caused by fungi of the Zygomycetes order. Rhizopus is the main pathogen responsible for 90% of cases of cerebral mucormycosis. The term rhinocerebral mucormycosis should be used only in the face, palatal, orbital, paranasal sinus, or brain area. Here, we present the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with complaints of pain and swelling in relation to the left upper back tooth region for the past 20 days. In this case, the patient was immunocompromised due to type II diabetes, as well as COVID hospitalization. This case enlightens the investigation, as well as the management protocol followed by post-operative rehabilitation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of these deadly fungal infections.

The B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: An enigma to diagnose

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by an abnormal clonal proliferation of T-cells, B-cells, or both. Sometimes, tuberculosis and lymphoma presentation can share common symptoms and features. In this case report, we present the case of a 28-year-old female patient who came with a chief complaint of swelling on the right side of the face for the past 6 months. Initially, it was not associated with pain but gradually developed severe pain over the region and reduced salivary flow. The patient was planned for surgery with a differential diagnosis of salivary gland pathology. Post-operatively, the histopathological report showed atypical cells which were diffusely positive for cluster of differentiation (CD)20. Focally positive for CD45 and CD3 which was positive in reactive T lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry pattern favors the diagnosis of B-cell type NHL. Through this case report, we want to share our experience in treating an aggressive tumor that mimics salivary gland pathology.

A surgical management of articular disc injury in temporomandibular Joint: A compiled case series of two cases with articular disc tear managed with surgical intervention

Articular disc injury in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can lead to significant pain and limited jaw movement. We present two cases in this case series of articular disc injuries in the TMJ and elaborate on their etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment provided with follow-up reviews. Case 1 involved a 50-year-old female with a history of pain and clicking in the left TMJ for 10 years, wherein imaging studies revealed a discal tear. Case 2 involved a patient who presented with trauma and was diagnosed with a displaced disc with a disc tear when the patient was screened for mandibular fractures. The patients underwent surgical intervention, and the disc tear was repaired, following which both showed marked improvement. Our cases highlight the importance of early diagnosis and necessary surgical management of articular disc injury in the TMJ for better clinical outcomes.

A review of common anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity and its frequency of occurrence as evidenced on multi-detector computed tomography

This study was carried out to know the frequency of occurrence of common anatomic variants in computed tomography of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Non contrast Computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses of 100 patients referred to Department Of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College were retrospectively studied. The Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans were evaluated for various anatomical variants of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. The frequency of occurrence was calculated in percentage.We found out that deviated nasal septum (DNS) was the most common variant in this study, seen in 86% of cases, followed by Agger nasi cells which was seen in 56% and the third most common was supra-orbital ethmoidal cells seen in 42% of the study population. All the cases included in the study, had minimum of one variant. Most of the study population showed multiple anatomical variations of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity. In conclusion, multidetector Computed tomography plays an important role is the assessment of various anatomical variants of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Pre-operative MDCT of Paranasal sinuses, gives the surgeons most if not all of the anatomical information they need to tailor surgeries. Considering the relatively high frequency of occurrence of these variants, it is essential for the radiologists to have a precise knowledge of imaging features of normal anatomy and anatomical variants of Paranasal sinuses.

Reliability in detection and differentiation between calcification and hemorrhage by 3 d GRE/ SWI technique compared to CT

This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance (MR) Susceptibility- Weighted Imaging (SWI) and also to compare the sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance (MR) susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) and Computed Tomography (CT), such that SWI can replace the use of CT as a standard protocol in the detection and differentiation between calcification and hemorrhage. A series of 70 patients included in this study with clinical suspicion or known history of intracranial hemorrhage/ calcifications for follow up, were scanned using both Philips Multiva 1.5T (MRI/SWI) and Philips Ingenuity 128 slice (CT). Results showed that SWI had 100% relative sensitivity, as it was able to detect both hemorrhage and calcifications in all the cases identified in CT. In addition, SWI detected hemorrhage in 2 additional cases that were nonspecific in CT. Furthermore, SWI detected signal from micro bleeds, which was missed on CT in three cases, and also detected calcification in two cases, which were not positively identified in CT. In conclusion, Susceptibility- Weighted Imaging (SWI) is highly sensitive for the detection and differentiation of hemorrhage and calcifications using Phase reconstructed images compared to conventional MRI methods and Computed Tomography

Recurrent oral submucous fibrosis with nil mouth opening surgical management and reconstruction with bilateral nasolabial flap: A case report and review of literature

Oral submucous fibrosis [OSF] is a premalignant condition characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of submucosal tissue, resulting in trismus. It is associated with chewing of areca nut in betel quid. Mortality rate is significant because it transforms into oral squamous cell carcinoma at a rate of 2.3%–7.6%. The aim of this article is to share our experience in managing a case of recurrent oral submucous fibrosis with nil mouth opening by surgical excision, coronoidotomy, and reconstruction of buccal defect using bilateral inferiorly based nasolabial flap, followed by active oral physiotherapy. The patient had reached an acceptable mouth opening with no further recurrence. The patient was observed closely for any malignant transformation. Surgical excision of bands and coronoidotomy followed by reconstruction with nasolabial flaps and active physiotherapy in the postoperative period remains a good option for recurrent and advanced cases of OSF with acceptable functional and cosmetic results.