Genotyping of the MTL loci and susceptibility to two antifungal agents of Candida glabrata clinical isolates

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is the second most common isolate from bloodstream infections worldwide and is naturally less susceptible to the antifungal drug fluconazole than other Candida species. C. glabrata is a haploid yeast that contains three mating-type like loci (MTL), although no sexual cycle has been described. Strains containing both types of mating information at the MTL1 locus are found in clinical isolates, but it is thought that strains containing type a information are more common. Here we investigated if a particular combination of mating type information at each MTLlocus is more prevalent in clinical isolates from hospitalized patients in Mexico and if there is a correlation between mating information and resistance to fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. We found that while both types of information at MTL1 are equally represented in a collection of 64 clinical isolates, the vast majority of isolates contain a-type information at MTL2 and α-type at MTL3. We also found no correlation of the particular combination of mating type information at the three MTL loci and resistance to fluconazole.

Fungemia asintomática causada por Acremonium sp asociada a colonización de catéter venoso central (CVC) / Asymptomatic fungemia caused by Acremonium sp associated with colonization of a central venous catheter

Introducción: En años recientes se ha reportado que los pacientes inmunocomprometidos presentan infecciones por organismos considerados habitualmente como saprófitos. Material y métodos: Detectamos un caso de fungemia por Acremonium sp. en un paciente asintomático, 5 semanas después apareció un segundo caso. Ambos pacientes portaban catéter venoso central (CVC) de larga estancia y acudían a la sesión semanal de cuidados que lleva a cabo el Equipo de Terapia Intravenosa. Los dos pacientes recibieron nutrición parenteral total (NPT) durante 5 meses antes del diagnóstico de fungemia. Se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva todos los pacientes que habían recibido NPT durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Resultados: Los dos casos de fungemia por Acremonium sp. en pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico habían recibido NPT por un promedio de 19 días. Se retiró el CVC y recibieron tratamiento antifúngico con resolución de la infección. Otros 8 pacientes que habían recibido NPT preparado por la misma casa comercial durante este periodo por un promedio de 9.5 días (rango 6 a 20). No se encontró ningún otro hemocultivo ni punta de catéter con Acremonium sp. Conclusiones: Se sugiere mantener una estrecha vigilancia en los pacientes con CVC que reciben NPT para identificar la colonización por gérmenes de baja patogenicidad, aún en pacientes asintomáticos.

BACKGROUND: Microorganisms considered saprophytes have emerged as invasive or indolent pathogens among immuno-compromised patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We detected an initial case of catheter-related Acremonium sp fungemia on a previously asymptomatic patient. We diagnosed a second case five weeks later. Both patients had a non-tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) that had been cared for following routine protocol by nurses in the Intravenous Therapy Team on a weekly basis. The sole risk factor that both patients shared was that they had received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by a CVC 5 months prior to the date the catheter-related fungemia was detected. We retrospectively studied all patients who had received TPN during this period. RESULTS: We found two cases ofAcremonium fungemia, patients had gastric adenocarcinoma and received TPN for an average of 19 days. Infection was resolved with catheter removal and antifungic therapy. Another eight patients received TPN from the same commercial firm during this period; average administration was 9.5 days (range, 6-20). Neither blood cultures nor tip-catheters culture reported Acremonium sp. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CVC for TPN should be closely monitored to identify colonization with a low pathogenic microorganism that could be mistakenly diagnosed as asymptomatic.