A Rare Clinical Presentation of Primary Pulmonary Hypoplasia with Tuberculous Pleural Effusion.

Primary pulmonary hypoplasia is rare in adulthood. It is characterized by decreased number or size of bronchi, vessels and alveoli. We present a case of unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia in 44-old-year male smoker who presented with right pleural effusion. His chest X-ray revealed an inhomogenous opacity on the left side with bronchiectatic changes and right minimal pleural effusion. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed blind end bronchi in left upper lobe and computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed hypoplastic lung with cystic bronchiectasis on the left side and hypoplastic left pulmonary artery. It was not associated with any other congenital anomalies. In addition to symptomatic management, he was started on anti-tuberculous treatment for tuberculous pleural effusion and kept under follow-up.

A giant syphilitic aneurysm in a young human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive individual.

A 35-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive male presented with huge mediastinal mass for evaluation. After contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) angiogram, aneurysm of arch of aorta was diagnosed. The patient also proved to be co-infected with syphilis, which is the aetiological cause of aneurysm in this case. The present report highlights the need to suspect, diagnose and treat dual infections in individuals with high risk behaviour.