Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified proteins as immune enhancers to rabies vaccine and related immuno-histopathological alterations

Purpose@#One of the essential goals regarding the successful control of rabies infection is the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine. the current study aimed to evaluate the inactivation potential of β-propiolactone (βPL), binary ethyleneimine (BEI), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). @*Materials and Methods@#Estimating the inactivation kinetics of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 revealed that the tested inactivants could completely and irreversibly inactivate rabies virus within 2, 12, and 4 hours, respectively while maintaining its viral immunogenicity. The potency of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 inactivated vaccines was higher than the World Health Organization acceptance limit and were in the order of 3.75, 4.21, and 3.64 IU/mL, respectively. Monitoring the humoral and cellular immunity elicited post-immunization using Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid (HA) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified protein derivative (PPD) adjuvanted rabies vaccine candidates were carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@# @*Results@#demonstrated that both adjuvants could progressively enhance the release of anti-rabies total immunoglobulin G as well as the pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma and interleukin-5) relative to time. However, a higher immune response was developed in the case of HA adjuvanted rabies vaccine compared to PPD adjuvanted one. The harmful consequences of the tested adjuvants were considered via investigating the histopathological changes in the tissues of the immunized rats using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Lower adverse effects were observed post-vaccination with HA and PPD adjuvanted vaccines compared to that detected following administration of the currently used alum as standard adjuvant. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggested that HA and PPD could serve as a promising platform for the development of newly adjuvanted rabies vaccines with elevated immune enhancing potentials and lower risk of health hazards.

Treatment Outcomes Based on Patient's Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) after Receiving Conventional Clasp or Precision Attachment Removable Partial Dentures in Distal Extension Cases: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial / Resultado do tratamento com Prótese Parcial Removível convencional ou com encaixe de precisão, em casos de extremidade livre, baseado no índice de qualidade de vida relacionado á saúde bucal (OHROoL): ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado

Objetivos: Comparar o efeito de duas opções de tratamento (próteses parciais removíveis retidas por encaixe de precisão (PA-RPD) ou grampos (C-RPD) em casos de classe I inferiores de Kennedy em relação à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) e a força de mordida. Material e Métodos: O estudo incluiu 32 pacientes parcialmente desdentados, dos quais 16 receberam PA-RPD (OT Cap Attachment) e 16 pacientes receberam C-RPD. Todos os pacientes de ambos os grupos foram solicitados a preencher o questionário OHRQoL após 1 semana (linha de base), 3 meses, 6 meses e 12 meses após a inserção da prótese. A força de mordida foi medida usando o i-load Star Sensor uma semana, 3 meses, 6 meses e 1 ano após a inserção parcial da prótese em todos os pacientes dos dois grupos. A análise estatística compreendeu o teste U de Mann Whitney, teste de Friedman, teste de Dunn e teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados: Os resultados da OHRQoL revelaram que, no período basal, 3 meses e 6 meses, o PA-RPD apresentou um escore total médio mais baixo estatisticamente significativo do OHIP-14 do que o C-RPD. No entanto, após 12 meses, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os escores totais do OHIP-14 nos dois grupos. Em relação à força de mordida, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Dentro das limitações deste estudo, concluiu-se que a OHRQoL do PARPD e do C-RPD era comparável após 12 meses. Da mesma forma, a força de mordida foi a mesma para as duas opções de tratamento.(AU)

Objective: To compare the effect of two treatment options in mandibular Kennedy class I cases regarding oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the biting force, removable partial dentures retained by either precision attachment (PA-RPD) or clasps (C-RPD). Material and Methods: The study included 32 partially edentulous patients which 16 patients received PA-RPD (OT Cap Attachment) and 16 patients received C-RPD. All the patients in both groups were asked to fill the OHRQoL questionnaire after 1 week (baseline), 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after prosthesis insertion. Biting force was measured using the i-load Star Sensor one week, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after partial denture insertion for all patients in both groups. Statistical analysis comprised Mann Whitney U test, Friedman's test, Dunn's test and Chisquare test. Results: The results of OHRQoL revealed that at the baseline, 3 months and 6 months the PA-RPD showed statistically significant lower mean total OHIP- 14 score than the C-RPD. However, after 12 Monthes , there was no statistically significant difference between total OHIP-14 scores in the two groups. Concerning the biting force there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study it was concluded that the OHRQoL of both the PA-RPD and the C-RPD was comparable after 12 months. Similarly the biting force was the same for both treatment options. (AU)

Comparative study of vitamin [D] Status in Full Term and Preterm Infants and Their Respective Mothers

Background: Vitamin D Is important for maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone mineralization. Vitamin D deficiency in the mothers has possible adverse effects on the fetus and contributes to low vitamin D in infancy

Objectives: To assess vitamin D status, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphate in preterm infants and their mothers

Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 46 neonates, and their mothers

The study was conducted between July and December 2013. The following had been done for all patients: Full medical history and clinical examination for mothers and their neonates, Laboratory investigation: Maternal blood And cord blood samples were collected at Delivery to measure vitamin D [vit. D], Calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P] and alkaline phosphate [ALP]

Results: Maternal hypovitaminosis D [vitamin D [25 [OH] D] <10 ng//ML was found in 89.% of pregnant women at the time of delivery and neonatal hypovitaminosis D [vitamin D <10 ng//mL] was found in 93.5% of studied neonates

Maternal vit D did not correlate to maternal dietary vit D, but it correlated to cord blood vit D was correlated to cord blood vit D but not cord blood Ca, Phosphorus, or alkaline phosphates

Conclusion: Vitamin D levels in Egyptian mothers delivery is deficient and it correlates well to cord blood Vitamin D levels

Intracellular IL-5 expression by peripheral blood CD4[+] and CD8[+] T-cells in atopic and non-atopic asthma

There is evidence of CD8[+] and CD4[+] peripheral blood T cell activation in childhood atopic asthma. However, the immunopathology of non-atopic asthma in children remains unclear. We sought to investigate the intracellular IL-5 expression by peripheral blood CD4[+] and CD8[+] T cells in atopic and non-atopic asthmatic children in relation to asthma grading and severity of exacerbation, as well as is possible correlation to various inflammatory markers of asthma. The study comprised 35 atopic and 35 non-atopic asthmatic children enrolled during activity and 30 clinically healthy children. They were subjected to flow cytometric assessment of intracellular IL-5 expression in CD4[+] and CD8[+] T cell subsets as well as absolute eosinophil count, serum total IgE, eosinophil cationic protein [ECP], and urinary Leukotriene E4 [LTE4] estimation. Asthmatic children compiled all together and the atopic group showed highly significant increase in absolute eosinophil count, IgE% from high normal for age, serum ECP, urinary LTE4 / creatinine ratio, intracellular CD4[+] IL5, and CD8[+] IL5 T cell numbers as compared to the control group. Similar results were observed between the non-atopic asthmatic children and the control group. When the atopic and non-atopic asthmatic children were compared, the former group showed significantly higher values of all study parameters except the urinary LTE4, urinary creatinine ratio, and CD8[+] IL5 frequency. CD4[+] IL5 T cell number correlated positively with the absolute eosinophil count, IgE% and serum eosinophil cationic protein among the 70 asthmatic patients. Stepwise multi-regression analysis revealed CD4[+] IL-5 frequency to be an inverse independent variable for asthma exacerbation. Likewise, IL-5 production, either CD4[+] or CD8[+] T cells was an inverse independent variable for grading of asthma severity. Both CD8[+] and CD4[+] T cells contribute to the IL-5 production in asthmatic children whether atopic or non-atopic during disease activity. CD4[+] T cell IL-5 frequency estimation could be a useful marker for asthma exacerbation severity and both CD4[+] and CD8[+] T cell IL-5 frequencies might serve as markers for asthma grading