Endoscopic removal of a proximal urethral stent using a holmium laser: case report and literature review

Urethral stents were initially developed for the management of urethral strictures and obstructive voiding disorders in select patients. Urethral stent complications are common and may require stent explantation, which is often quite challenging. We present our experience with endoscopic removal of an encrusted UroLume proximal urethral stent in a 72-year-old male using a holmium laser. The literature on various management options and outcomes for urethral stent removal is reviewed. Endoscopic removal of proximal urethral stents is feasible and safe and should be considered as the primary treatment option in patients requiring stent extraction

High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) has been established as a precursor to prostatic adenocarcinoma. HGPIN shares many morphological, genetic, and molecular signatures with prostate cancer. Its predictive value for the development of future adenocarcinoma during the prostate-specific antigen screening era has decreased, mostly owing to the increase in prostate biopsy cores. Nevertheless, a literature review supports that large-volume HGPIN and multiple cores of involvement at the initial biopsy should prompt a repeat biopsy of the prostate within 1 year. No treatment is recommended for HGPIN to slow its progression to cancer.