RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of cervix is the most common cancer found among the women of India. Though cervical cytology screening was effective in preventing carcinoma of cervix in developed nations, it is considered unsuitable in developing countries. Recent research has established an etiological link between human papillomavirus infection and carcinoma of cervix. In this review, an attempt is made to answer the question, 'whether carcinoma of cervix can be prevented with human papillomavirus vaccine?' METHODS: Literature search using Pubmed and Medline was carried out and relevant articles were reviewed. RESULTS: There is ample experimental evidence to show that DNA of human papillomavirus integrates with cervical cell genome. Viral genes E6 and E7 of HPV type 16 and 18 inactivate p53 function and Rb gene, thus immortalize the cervical epithelial cells. Recombinant vaccines blocked the function of E6 and E7 genes preventing development of papillomas in animals. Vaccination with HPV-VLPs encoding for genes of E6 and E7 neutralizes HPV integrated genome of malignant cells of uterine cervix. CONCLUSIONS: Based on experimental evidence, it is possible to prevent carcinoma of cervix with human papillomavirus vaccine, IMPLICATIONS: Further research is necessary to identify a effective and safe HPV vaccine, routes of administration and characteristics of potential beneficiaries.
Assuntos
DNA de Neoplasias/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Vacinas Virais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Serum estimations of immunoglobulins, complement components and their presence in circulating immune complexes were carried out in 39 Lepromatous, 44 ENL and 22 Post ENL leprosy patients. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Serum immune complexes were precipitated with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 were estimated by single radial immunodiffusion and expressed as % of precipitation of their serum level. Decreased IgG, IgM; increased IgA and C3; and no change in C4 levels are observed in ENL than Lepromatous and Post ENL patients. However, a gradual insignificant reduction of IgG, IgA, and IgM was found from Lepromatous to ENL and Post ENL patients in the PEG-precipitates. Similarly, C3 and C4 was found reduced insignificantly in ENL than Lepromatous and Post ENL patients. The significance of these estimations in relation to immune status of ENL reactions are discussed.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Complexo Antígeno-Anticorpo/análise , Complemento C3/análise , Complemento C4/análise , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/análise , Eritema Nodoso/imunologia , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Hanseníase Virchowiana/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Enumeration of sub-population of T cells with receptors for Fc portion of Ig G (Tr) and Fc portion of Ig M (Tu) and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 39 Lepromatous, 44 ENL and 22 Post ENL patients were undertaken. ENL patients showed significant decreased Tr cell percentage than Lepromatous and Post ENL patients. Although T mu cell percentage was lowered in ENL patients, a relatively elevated T mu/Tr ratio was found than Lepromatous and Post ENL patients indicating elevation of helper activity in ENL. B cells did not register any change in the three stages.