Breast cancer; evaluation of risk factors in our local population an institutional based descriptive and prospective study

Evaluation and distribution of established etiological risk factors in patients of breast cancer in our local population. Institution based non-interventional descriptive and prospective study Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January 2009 to December 2011. One hundred and two cases of breast cancer diagnosed on HE staining were selected for the study. More than 50% were in 4th and 5th Decades of life. 94% were married and 06% were un-married. 65% were in pre-menopausal group and 35% in post-menopause group. 93% had positive history of breast feeding. None of them had ever taken oral contraceptive. Smoking history was present only in 9.80% cases. 27% cases had family history of breast cancer in first degree relative and 13% in 2nd degree relatives. Majority [66.66%] were belongs to lower middle socioeconomic class. Surprisingly in this study marital status, parity, and breast feeding not proved as protective factors against breast cancer

Burden of diabetes mellitus in the families of medical students of lower Sindh

The non communicable diseases are chronic and exist in human body for long period, diabetes is one of those. The origin word of diabetes means siphon or a pipe from which water or any liquid can pass to another container or bottle the word mellitus is Latin and it means sweet, thus diabetes mellitus means sweet urine excreted from the body of person. To ask history of Diabetes in the families of Medical Students. To alculate the burden of diabetes patients present in the family. cross sectional study. This study was carried out at faculty of community medicine and Public Health Sciences Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences Jamshoro from 1[st] February 2013 to 31[st] May 2013. It is a cross sectional through a pre design and pre tested. Questionnaire having questions about personal bio data like age, sex, rural, urban, merit seats or self financed seats admission history of diabetes in the family and other relevant. The study shows male and female gender of students out of total 154 medical students there were male were 42 [27.27%] and there were 112 [72.72%] female students regarding the type of History of Diabetes in Families of medical students out of total medical students 154, there were 59 [38.31 %] who reported history of diabetes while 95 [61.68%] of no history of diabetes in their families. The Glucometer is a small machine, available in 53 [34.41%] families-and not available 101[65.58%] in the families of the students. The distribution of students according to seat of admission shows out of total 154 students who participated in the study 733 were on merit while 82 were on self finance which means having good income source. The study concludes that there is high burden of diabetes in medical students families in Sindh. Majority is managed on diet, more counseling is required

Frequency of ABO, and Rh [D] blood groups at Hyderabad, Sind and its territory

To see the frequency of ABO, subgroup ABO and Rh[D] blood groups in Patients, and donors, who attended the Liaquat university hospital for any type of surgery, Gynaecology and Obstratical problem, etc, of Hyderabad and its territory. Cross- sectional study. Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, LUMHS, Jamshoro/ Hyderabad, from February, 2012 to March, 2012. Donors and patients of both sexes, blood samples were collected under aseptic condition from anti-cubital vein for determination of blood groups. Subjects belonging to Hyderabad and its Territory, were included in this study. ABO blood grouping was determined by tile method using commercially prepared anti sera, anti A, anti B, anti AB [Plasmatic Kent, UK]. Presence of Rh D antigen was determined by anti-D [Biotic Laboratories Ltd UK]. For Rh-negative Du test was done. Our study shows, A positive-22.88%, A negative-02.31%, B positive-33.85%, B negative -03.27%, AB positive-08.27%, AB negative-0.77%, O positive-26.73%, O negative -01.92%. Regarding the management of blood bank and transfusion services in this area. ABO and Rh antigenic structure differs between regions and nations. Knowledge of blood group distribution may also play an important role for clinical studies, reliable geographical information and for forensic studies in the populations. Such studies need to be carried out at all the regional levels of Pakistan

Estrogen and progesterone receptor status and Her-2/Neu over expression in breast carcinoma with relation to age

Carcinoma of the breast is the common malignancy in Pakistani females. The study was conducted to assess estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR] and Her-2/neu over-expression in females with relation to age. Institution based prospective study. This study was carried out at the Histopathology section in the Department of Pathology, LUMHS, Jamshoro from March 2010 to December 2011. Fifty cases of breast carcinoma were selected to evaluate ER, PR and Her-2/neu over-expression by Immunohistochemistry [IHC]. The predominant histologic morphology was Infiltrating duct cell carcinoma. Majority of the cases presented with grade-II [78.7%] with a mean age of 46.5 years. IHC performed on 50 cases revealed ER +ve in 34 [68%] cases with a mean age of 47.5 years and ER -ve in 16 [32%] cases with a mean age of 44.5 years while PR +ve in 30 [60%] cases with mean age of 44.1 years and PR -ve in 20 [40%] cases with a mean age of 50.1 years. Her-2/neu over-expression was found in 15 [30%] cases with a mean age of 41.6 years and Her-2/neu -ve in 35 [70%] cases with a mean age of 48.6 years. ER and PR expression was found at a significant level reflecting a good therapeutic and prognostic value but the frequency of Her-2/neu over-expression was high reflecting a bad prognosis

Pancytopenia: a clinico-haematologic analysis of 100 cases at tertiary care hospital

Pancytopenia is a serious haematological problem, which makes the patient prone to anaemic manifestations, infections and bleeding tandency. Underlying it are many diseases, which are diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. This study was done to describe different etiological causes of pancytopenia in adults population of lower Sindh. Cross sectional study. The study was carried out in the department of pathology and diagnostic and research laboratory, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences [LUMHS] Hyderabad in collaboration with medical units of LUMHS Jamshoro from January 2009 to June 2010. A total of 100 adult patients with Pancytopenia diagnosed on peripheral blood smear examination were admitted in four medical units of LUMHS Jamshoro during study period, were followed by bone marrow examination and trephine biopsy wherever required. Megaloblastic anaemia was diagnosed in 46% cases, followed by aplastic anaemia in 22% and Acute leukaemia in 10% cases and 5% cases each were diagnosed as hyperspleenism and disseminated tuberculosis. Multiple myelomas were diagnosed in 4% cases, Meylodysplastic syndrome in 3% and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is seen in 3% and Myelo-fibrosis in 2% cases. It is concluded that Megaloblastic anaemia is most common cause of Pancytopenia in our series followed by aplastic anaemia and acute leukaemia

Frequency of hypertension in male and female medical students of public sector university of Jamshoro in hilly region

To evaluate the Frequency of Hypertension in male and female Medical students of Public Sector University of Jamshoro in hilly region. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from October 2012 to November 2012. A total of 94 Medical students studying in 4[th] year MBBS were randomly selected and were administered questionnaire comprising sections on personal information, gender distribution, age distribution, current status of hypertension, hobbies, family history of hypertension, father's occupation, blood pressure readings by using a standardized calibrated mercury column type sphygmomanometer [Certeza CE model CR 2001] in Medical ward were recorded and careful clinical examination of CVS by Senior and trained Doctors. Among male students 26 of Normal [<130/<85 mmHg], 05 of Prehypertension [130-139/85-89 mmHg], Among females 53 of Normal, 08 of prehypertension and 02 of mild hypertension [140-159/90-99 mmHg] .Some subjects had reduced physical activity with preference of watching TV and reading books. Majority of the students were normotensives. The study concludes that the hypertension is a problem of medical students, detection of common habits that might be correlated with hypertension which needs regular counseling and lifestyle changes, awareness and prevention about hypertension