COP27 Climate Change Conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world / Conferencia sobre cambio climático COP27: se necesita una acción urgente para África y el mundo

Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods (1). These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. To avoid these catastrophic health effects across all regions of the globe, there is broad agreement­as 231 health journals argued together in 2021­that the rise in global temperature must be limited to less than 1.5oC compared with pre-industrial levels.

El informe de 2022 del Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC por sus siglas en inglés) pinta un panorama sombrío del futuro de la vida en la tierra, caracterizado por el colapso de los ecosistemas, la extinción de (1)especies y los peligros climáticos como olas de calor e inundaciones. Todos ellos están vinculados a problemas de salud física y mental, con consecuencias directas e indirectas de aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Para evitar estos efectos catastrócos para la salud en todas las regiones del mundo, existe un amplio acuerdo, como argumentaron 231 revistas de salud juntas en 2021, en que el aumento de la temperatura global debe limitarse a menos de 1,5 °C en comparación con los niveles preindustriales

Challenges in Providing Rehabilitation Services for People with Disabilities in Iran: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes disability as a global public health issue and a development priority, but unfortunately, the evidence shows that people with disabilities (PWD) often have lower levels of health than the general population.This study targeted to identify challenges in providing rehabilitation services for People with Disabilities. Materials and Methods: This article was undertaken on a qualitative content analysis. Twenty one participants were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews from June 2014 to July 2015. Interviews continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed by MAXQDA version 10. Results: Challenges to providing of rehabilitation services were the most important for PWD that needed to receive medical rehabilitation services. These challenges were grouped into six categories of poor knowledge, negative attitude to disability, insufficient support of PWD, individual problems of providers, problems of accessibility and cost. Conclusions: A proper rehabilitation plan requires common understanding of the challenges in providing of rehabilitation services for PWD. Understanding these challenges will help policy makers, providers, and PWD and their families consider rehabilitation as an effective component of service provision in health system. Based on findings of this study, further research is recommended to elucidate the challenges affecting provision of rehabilitation services for PWD.

Demonstration of malaria situation analysis, stratification and planning in Minab District, southern Iran

OBJECTIVE@#To demonstrate malaria situation analysis, stratification and planning for an endemic area in southern Iran.@*METHODS@#Data on health system, population, meteorological parameters, malaria cases, anopheline vectors, and control activities during 2005-2007 was obtained from Minab Health Center, Minab Meteorological Station and published documents about malaria elements in the study area. A datasheet was created in excel 2003 for analysis.@*RESULTS@#There were 644 health staff working in Minab District including 99 health staff in malaria control program. The health facilities are distributed as follow: 1 hospital with 96 beds, 23 health centers including private centers (10 in Minab city and 13 in rural area of Minab District) and 119 health houses in rural areas of Minab District. A nopheles stephensi was the dominant species in Minab District, however, Anopheles dthali, Anopheles superpictus, Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles multicolor, Anopheles pulcherrimus and Anopheles turkhudi can also be found in the area. Anopheles stephensi was reported susceptible to malathion, propoxur, primphos-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin permethrin and deltamethrin, and resistant to DDT and dieldrin in the area. During the study period a total of 10 665 positive cases were reported, mainly due to local transmission (99.6%). Plasmodium vivax was the main causative agent followed by Plasmodium falciparum. There were reports about drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in the area.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Using different parameters, Minab was classified into 3 strata. A plan was designed based on described goal, objectives and targets. The approaches of this plan were categorized into: health education, early detection and correct treatment, and vector control. Main constraints of these approaches are population movement between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan; vector control challenges at district, inadequate skilled medical staff in malaria case management and weak inter-sectorial coordination for malaria control, especially in urban areas.

one year study of patients registered complaint and relative components in three training hospitals in Tehran

Background: A complaint is defined as an expression of a dissatisfaction that requires subsequent responses at an important part of the quality of care. This study aims 10 determine the rate and underlying causes of complaints in three training hospitals Materials and Methods: this was a prospective study in 363 written complaints were registered in a one year form from march 2007 to march 2009. Data collected from patients' complaint forms of inpatients and out patients. All reregistered complaints were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: based on results, there were w 363 formal complaints in general. About 20% of complaints belong to outpatients and the rest of them came from in patients admission. The orthopedic ward had the highest rate of complains [246%]. The main complaint reasons were delay in appointments or cancellations [29.7 %], followed by failure in communication /[24%], dissatisfaction in care delivered [21.4%], and facilities [8.3%]. Out of all complaints 62.1% were belong to physicians followed by nurses [10.2%]. The complaints were resolved at first stage of local resolutions through explain or apologize was 59.1%. The median of compliant time management was two days in which 51.7% of all complaints resolved in less than two days. Conclusion: since appointments delays of cancellation and poor communication were the most complaint issue in this study. Intervention strategies should be considered in this area. Sharing the outcomes of complaints among hospitals might be recognizing in common deficient areas that should be implemented to strategic planning