Hepatoprotective effect of Aegle marmelos augmented with piperine co-administration in paracetamol model

ABSTRACT The current study explored hepatoprotective effect of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, Rutaceae, leaves extract. Potentiation of A. marmelos hepatoprotective effect with piperine co-administration was also explored. Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: (i) normal control, (ii) paracetamol group, (iii) silymarin group, (iv) extract-25 group (25 mg/kg body), (v) extract-50 group: (50 mg/kg), (vi) extract-100 group (100 mg/kg) and (vii) extract-25 + piperine group. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering paracetamol orally in a dose of 400 mg/kg for seven days. The drugs were administered 30 min prior to paracetamol administration and continued for seven days. Animals were 'sacrificed' at the end of treatment and serum was collected for evaluating alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase IL-10 and TNF-α levels. Liver homogenates were used for determination of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, GSH-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). Serum biochemical markers were significantly higher in paracetamol group as compared to normal control group. Significant increase in oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory mediators was also observed. Treatment with A. marmelos curtailed the toxic effects of paracetamol in a dose dependent fashion. 100 mg/kg dose of A. marmelos was found to be most hepatoprotective. The results of extract-100 group were comparable to silymarin group. Low dose of A. marmelos i.e., 25 mg/kg was combined with piperine to evaluate potentiation of hepatoprotective effects of A. marmelos. Piperine co-administration potentiated the hepatoprotective effects, because the combination group results were comparable to high dose A. marmelos group. A. marmelos exerts hepatoprotective activity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which was enhanced by piperine.

Mushrooms as therapeutic agents

Mushrooms have been known for their nutritional and culinary values and used as medicines and tonics by humans for ages. In modern terms, they can be considered as functional foods which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients. There are monographs that cover the medicinal and healing properties of some individual traditional mushrooms. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in mushrooms not only as a health food which is rich in protein but also as a source of biologically active compounds of medicinal value which include complementary medicine/dietary supplements for anticancer, antiviral, hepatoprotective, immunopotentiating and hypocholesterolemic agents. However the mechanisms of the various health benefits of mushrooms to humans still require intensive investigation, especially given the emergence of new evidence of their health benefits. In the present paper the medicinal potential of mushrooms is being discussed.