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Introduction:Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The two broad categories of DM are Type 1 & Type 2. Due to paucity of dramatic symptoms, poor health awareness & the prevailing socio-economic condition type 2 diabetes frequently goes undiagnosed for many years and such patients are at increased risk of developing macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications(1). This was clearly seen in UK Prospective Diabetes Study where 50% of patients had diabetic complications at presentation (3). Lipid abnormalities play an important role in causation of diabetic atherosclerosis (4, 5) and contribute significantly to complication of diabetes.Materials & Methods: A prospective analytical study of 200 patients was undertaken at Department of Internal Medicine, AMC MET MMC Ahmedabad. Prior approval by IRB of AMC MET MMC was taken. Patients presenting to OPD were analyzed in terms of Age, Sex & Obesity related to dyslipidemia & data analyzed using Paired T test with reference study.Observations: Mean age of study population was 54 yrs. Male patients were 54.55 yrs&females were 54.80 yrs mean age. Abnormal HDL 80%, LDL 57%, VLCL 56%, Cholesterol in 37% were found. 66% of pts had BMI > 25 & were classified as obese. Conclusions: Majority of patients were 40-60 yrs age group which is a high risk age group for development of atherosclerosis & cerebrovascular events & of them >50% of pts were having altered lipid profile which is a significant risk factor for morbidities related to diabetes. Hence control of dyslipidemia in diabetics with lipid lowering agents should begiven due consideration when planning a treatment regimen
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients,left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction occurs frequently and is associated with heart failure (HF) and higher mortality. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is a major determinant of prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess indices of LV diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients.Material and methods: Study included 118 CKD patients. Allpatients underwent transthoracic echocardiography. Diastolic function based on E and A, E/A ratio and pulmonary vein flow velocities as well as EF%, deceleration time, RA, LA volume were assessed. In dialysis patients examination was carried out before and after dialysis.Observations:In CKD patients the stage of renal failure was associated with the significant increase in LV mass, systolic LV & diastolic LV dimensions and in the size of the LA. The increase the E/E’ ratio between groups of patients was seen in this study. The reduction in deceleration time along with the decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate was also observed in this study.Conclusions: Early identification of factors involved is necessary to prevent this devastating process. Many indexes of contractility are used and each of them has imperfections. It seems that TVI, E, E/A ratio & E/E’ ratio are good instruments for the early detection of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction..