Correlation of vitreous chamber depth with ocular biometry in high axial myopia

Purpose: The proportion of axial length (AL) occupied by vitreous chamber depth (VCD), or VCD:AL, consistently correlates to ocular biometry in the general population. Relation of VCD:AL to ocular biometry in high myopia is not known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relation of VCD and VCD:AL to ocular biometry of highly myopic eyes. Methods: This was a cross?sectional retrospective study of records of 214 myopic eyes (<?1 D SE, aged 20–40 years) attending the refractive surgery services. High axial myopia was defined as AL >26.5 mm. Eyes with posterior staphyloma and myopic maculopathy were excluded. Records were assessed for measurements of AL, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), white to white diameter (WTW), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD). Groups were formed based on increasing AL, while the sum of CCT, ACD, and LT was recorded as anterior segment depth (AS). The main outcome measure was the correlation of VCD and VCD:AL to ocular biometry. A comparison was also performed based on of degree of axial myopia. Results: Mean age of the patients was 27.0 ± 5.2 years. VCD showed a very strong correlation with AL (R = 0.98, P < 0.001) but did not correlate to any anterior parameter. VCD:AL showed moderate negative relation with AS (R = ?0.43, P < 0.001) and ACD (R = ?0.3, P < 0.001), while it had a weakly negative relation with LT (R = ?0.18, P = 0.006). VCD:AL showed strong negative relation (R > ~0.7) with AS in all individual groups of AL. Among anterior parameters, WTW showed the most consistent relation with ocular biometry. Conclusion: VCD:AL is a better correlate of ocular biometry in high myopia as compared to VCD. However, the correlation is weaker than that noted by previous studies done on the general population. Longitudinal studies of VCD:AL in the younger age group is recommended

Prevalence and risk factor analysis for post-partum depression in women: a cross-sectional study at tertiary care centre

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is non-psychotic depressive episode that occurs between postpartum to fourteen months of childhood. It has adverse effect on mother and child health. Aim of this study was to analyze prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression at tertiary care centre.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in obstetrics and gynaecology department where 175 women between 10 days to 1 year of delivery were assessed using Edinberg postpartum depression scale. A score of 10 or more were taken as sign of postpartum depression. Various socio-demographic and obstetrics variables were assessed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).Results: Prevalence of PPD was found in 11.4% patients. Common risk factors associated were intrauterine death (IUD) or early neonatal death, postpartum complications and lack of family support.Conclusions: Postpartum is common among postnatal women and is associated with various factors which can be modified. So early detection of associated risk factors is needed for early intervention and prevents its impact on mother and child health.

Comparative evaluation of colposcopy, cytology and histopathology for diagnosis of cervical lesions

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer globally in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018 representing 6.6% of all female cancers. To correlate the cytology, colposcopy and histopathology of cervical lesions in patients attending gynaecology OPD in a tertiary care centre, Ghaziabad.Methods: 208 women were enrolled from Gynaecology OPD of Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, irrespective of their chief complaints. Women aged 19-80 years were included in the study group. Those with pregnancy and already diagnosed or treated with CIN, Cervical cancer or Cervical HPV infection were excluded from the study. PAP-smear was taken for all the patients followed by colposcopy without waiting for PAP-smear report. Cervical biopsy was taken from patients with abnormal colposcopic findings (90 patients).Results: Majority of women were in age group 30-39 years. 37.5% had unhealthy, 21.6% had hypertrophied cervix and only 9.1% had normal cervix. It was found that PAP -smear has a sensitivity of 33.33%, specificity of 92.59%, accuracy of 68.89%, positive predictive value of 75% and negative predictive value of 67.57%. Test parameters calculated for colposcopy revealed that it has sensitivity of 73.33%, specificity of 92%, PPV of 64.7%, NPV of 94.52% and accuracy of 88.89%.Conclusions: The results from the current study conclude that it is better to use cytology and colposcopy together as part of routine screening for cervical cancer rather than pap smear alone in order to detect maximum number of lesions.