RESUMO
Introduction: The identification of sex in human skeletal remains is an important component of manyanthropological investigations and forensic science. Sex determination using sacrum is often considered withvarious available parameters and indices when dealing with human skeleton remains. Sacral index is the mostimportant criteria for sex determination using sacrum. Present study aims at determining the significance ofsacral index in sex determination from sacra of saurashtra region.Materials and Methods: 120 (84 male and 36 female) adult human sacra of known sex from Saurashtra regionwas included in present study. Ventral straight length and maximum breath of sacrum was measured , sacralindex calculated, Demarking points for these parameters were used for identification of sex of sacrum.Results: In males sacral index varies from 90.38 to 119.36, with mean value of 103.49 and standard deviationwas found to be 8.52. In females sacral index varies from 92.86 to 141.33, with mean value of 116.97 andstandard deviation was found to be 8.52. In statically significant range(Mean ± 3 SD) maximum value of malesacral index was 121.76 and minimum value of female index was 91.40. These two points were accepted asdemarking points.Conclusion: Significant differences has been observed in the sacral index of males and females of Saurashtraregion. Sacral index is higher in females than in males. On the basis of present study it can be concluded that inSaurashtra region sacrum having sacral index less than 91.40 is definitely of male whereas sacrum havingsacral index more than 121.76 is definitely of female. However not a single parameter could identify sex of 100%of the bones.
RESUMO
Introduction: In oral smear, a small condensed mass of sex chromatin usually located just inside the nuclearmembrane of the nucleus is called Barr body. The study of Barr bodies is advantageous for sex determination bypresence or absent. Oral mucosal smear of 150 students (79 female students and 71 male students in the agegroup of 17 to 32 years) from P.D.U. Govt. medical college, Rajkot were selected with aim to study oral mucosalcells for presence of sex chromatin in oral mucosal smear and to measure efficacy of oral smear in determinationof sex by presence of sex chromatin during 2012 to 2014.Method: Oral smear was prepared for sex determination by scrapping buccal mucosa with wooden spatula andobtained turbid suspension, these were smeared on a glass slide, fixed by mixture of Methanol and Glacialacetic acid in the ratio of 3:1 for 10 min and stained by Carbol Fuschin for 15-20 min at room temperature, aftertaking informed written consent from students. Smears were examined with Compound light uniocular microscopeunder 100x magnification (Oil immersion), cells and nuclei were easily identified.Observations and Results: One hundred cells were counted in each slide. Mean value of Barr body positive cellsin male was 0.647 and Mean value of Barr body positive cells in female was 35.215 and range of percentage ofBarr body positive cells in male was 0-5% and range of percentage of Barr body positive cells in female was 0-55%. Presence of sex chromatin in oral mucosal cell of female was statistically significant. (P value < 0.05).Conclusion: Mean value of Barr body positive cells in male was 0.647 ± 1.148, Mean value of Barr body positivecells in female was 35.215 ± 10.28, range of percentage of Barr body positive cells in female was 0-55% and rangeof percentage of Barr body positive cells in male was 0-5%. Presence of sex chromatin in oral mucosal cell offemale was statistically significant. (P value<0.05) Mean values of sex chromatin positive oral mucosal cells ofmale was lower than mean value of sex chromatin positive oral mucosal cells in female, that is the supportingfact that sex chromatin is present in female in higher frequency. Sex chromatin can be used as simple and easilyavailable method for sex determination.