GASTRO-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ROOT EXTRACT OF BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA ON ASPIRIN INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS

The key assessment of the study was evaluating the gastro-protective properties of Barleria buxifolia root extract (REBB) in ulcerative rats. The roots of Barleria buxifolia have properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. Induction of gastric ulcers was done with aspirin (150 mg/kg, b.w., p.o) for 3 days and was accompanied by treatment with REBB (200 & 400 mg/kg orally) for 15 days. Ranitidine (20 mg/kg, orally) was received as the standard treatment for 14 days. Ulcer index, percent inhibition of ulceration, lipid peroxidation (LPO), TNF-? levels, and histopathological examination of the gastric mucosa were measured. Aspirin-induced stomach ulcers were seen in 100% of the groups, whereas other animal groups, aside from the control group possessed relatively comparable inductions. Ulcer number, ulcer index (p<0.01), and LPO (p<0.05) shown significant reduction in the 400mg/kg and Ranitidine (20mg/kg) when compared to Aspirin induced control group. Whereas the Ulcer score (p<0.001) and TNF-? (p<0.05) showed significant reduction in Ranitidine treated group but showed objectively improvement but statistically non-significant results in 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg REBB. Hence it was found that Baleria buxifolia root extract effectively mitigates aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in rats, underscoring its potential as a gastro protective agent.

An Examination of the Effects of Different Transplanting Dates, Planting Geometry and Training Techniques on the Yield Traits, Productivity and Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of date of transplanting, planting geometry and training system on the fruit yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under naturally ventilated polyhouse at the Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and eighteen treatments, comprised of three date of transplanting (1st fortnight of March, 2nd fortnight of March and 1st fortnight of April), two planting geometry viz., 60 cm x 30 cm, 75 cm x 30 cm and three training systems viz., two shoots, three shoots and four shoots. Results revealed that plants transplanted earlier (1st fortnight of March) at a wider spacing of (75 cm x 30 cm) recorded significantly higher number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight and total soluble solids, while maximum fruit yield was recorded under closer spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm. With regards to the number of shoots per plant, plants with three shoots recorded significantly higher fruit yield. So it can be concluded that plants transplanted in the 1st fortnight of March, trained to three shoots and spaced at 60 cm x 30 cm apart were found to be the best for higher fruit yield and better quality of the produce.

Effect of Different Organic Manures and Their Levels on Nutrient Status and Soil Microbial Activity under Rose (Rosa bourboniana Desportes) Cultivation

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures and their levels on nutrient status and soil microbial activity in rose at Hisar during 2020-21. The treatments comprised of 3 different types of organic manures viz., farm yard manures, vermicompost and poultry manure and 4 levels control, 4 kg/m2, 5 kg/m2 and 6 kg/m2. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications. Observation on organic carbon, dehydrogenase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, N, P and K content in rose leaves and available N, P and K content in soil at the time of harvest were recorded. Organic carbon in soil was maximum (0.93%) with the application of vermicompost while dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity were highest with the application of farmyard manure and poultry manure, respectively. Nitrogen (2.17%) and phosphorus (0.27%) content were maximum in rose leaves at harvest stage with the application of poultry manure while Potassium (1.41%) content was maximum vermicompost. Same trend was observed in the nutrient status of soil with the application of different organic manures. It is concluded that the application of poultry manures had pronounced effect on microbial activity and nutrient status in rose.

Evaluation of outcome of mode of delivery in severe preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is new onset hypertension of more than 140/90 mmHg on 2 occasions, 4 hours apart in pregnancy, which occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and frequently near term. If there are other symptoms like as headache, blurred vision from end organ damage, and thrombocytopenia, it is characterized as severe preeclampsia. Regardless of the foetal outcome, treatment for severe preeclampsia is immediate delivery. The goal of the current study is to assess how different delivery methods affect individuals with severe preeclampsia.Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in RL Jalappa hospital, Kolar from January 2021 to February 2022. Out of 2568 deliveries at our facility throughout the study period, 150 singleton pregnancies complicated by severe preeclampsia delivered at 24-34 weeks of gestation were chosen for the study. Women who had additional obstetric, foetal, or medical difficulties were not included in the study.Results: 110 study participants had an LSCS form of delivery out of the total. Among them, non-reassuring fetal heart rate, obstructed labor, and malpresentation were the most typical indicators for LSCS. The difference between Bishop's score and the mode of delivery was statistically significant. There was no discernible difference between the newborn's APGAR score immediately following delivery and the method of delivery.Conclusions: There are strong chances of a normal vaginal birth if the Bishop score at the time of admission and induction is more than 4.

Cyberchondria: Prevalence of Internet based Self Diagnosis among Medical and Non-medical Urban Indian Population

Introduction: Self-diagnosis usually starts with searchengines like Google, Bing, or Yahoo, which can lead users toconfusing unsubstantiated information and people with urgentsymptoms may not be directed to emergency care. It can alsocreate anxiety and a situation where there is questioning of thetreating physician. In this paper we focus on understandingand evaluating how Internet based search results have affectedpeople’s health opinions and behaviour.Material and methods: An online cross-sectional pilot studywas conducted among 336 individuals. The statistical toolsused to analyse the data was by using Microsoft Excel. Chisquare test was used and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: A significant number of respondents have triedto self-diagnose a perceived illness with a greater averageamongst the medical group and a significant value amongpeople who believed their online diagnosis to be accurate.Searching for health related advice online did make theparticipants feel more anxious with this trend being greater inthe medical population and more polarised within them.Conclusion: Cyberchondria, an adverse effect of thedigital revolution, also has affected the medical system byinterrupting the line of treatment, elevating anxiety levels of theparticipants, undermining the need for emergency care whennecessary and most importantly, taking assistance of symptomchecker sites in lieu of a physician’s advice. In view of this,symptom checker sites should have more accountability byincreasing the involvement of medical professionals.

Teaching Aids And Students Preferences In Anatomy Lectures In State Of Telangana

Background: A right concept has to be obtained to the medical student’s during their under-graduation periodbecause knowledge of Anatomy forms the basic foundation for most of clinical subjects like Medicine, Surgery,OBG, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Radiology and Neurology. So, we professors need to give a clear tridimensional familiarity of human body using best teaching methodology. In medical education technology, thereis a swift change from Blackboard to virtual simulations and other teaching methodologies. So we have takenfeedback from the students so that the best teaching aid and method can be adopted to improve their academicperformance. The study was designed to know the preferred one amongst teaching aids like traditional chalk &board versus Power Point Presentation among the 1st Year MBBS students.Methods: For a period of 3 years150 MBBS students of 2016-17 batch from Malla Reddy Institute of medicalsciences, Suraram, 2017-2018 batch of Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitkul village, Patancheru,and 2019-20 batch from Mamata Academy of Medical sciences, Bachupally of Telangana state were selectedand delivered Anatomy lectures for a period of 3 months. The questionnaire was prepared covering the differentaspects of the lecture and was asked to voluntarily go through the questionnaire and evaluate their preferencesafter each class.Results: Out of 450 students of 3 consecutive years Blackboard was preferred by 139 students, 90 studentspreferred PowerPoint Presentation and 183 students preferred both the teaching methods and 38 students wereabsent totally.Conclusion: By using and adopting the best teaching aids the teacher can improve the academic performance ofthe students. Thus, there is a scope for improvisation in medical education and forming a strong basic foundationfor medical graduates

Variations Of The Nutrient Foramina In Dried Human Femur

Background: An understanding of the location, number, direction and size of nutrient foramina in long bones isvery important clinically, especially in orthopaedic surgical procedures such as fracture repair, bone grafting,vascularized bone microsurgery, intramedullary reaming and plating,as well as in medico legal cases. An accurateknowledge of the location of the nutrient foramina in long bones should help prevent intraoperative injuries inorthopaedic, as well as in plastic and reconstructive surgery.Aims & Objectives: The aim of our study is to observe the variations in number, location, direction and size of thenutrient foramina of Dried Human Femur.Materials and Methods: The study comprised 200 dry normal adult femur bones of unknown sex obtained fromthe Department of Anatomy of various medical colleges of Telangana, India.Results: The total number of nutrient foramina obtained in 200 femurs was 326. 82 bones had single nutrientforamen (41%), 111 bones had double nutrient foramina (55.5%), 6 bones had triple nutrient foramina (3%), andonly 1 bone 4 nutrient foramina (0.5%) and none of the bones showed zero foramen. The size of nutrient foraminawere also noted in 200 bones, 60 bones presented small sized foramina (18%), 130 bones presented with mediumsized foramina (40%), and rest of 136 bones presented with large sized foramina (42%). The nutrient foraminaobeyed the general rule that is, directed away from the growing end of the bone. Among 326 nutrient foramina149 were located on posterior surface (46%), about 126 foramina were located on medial surface (38.50%), 38were located on the lateral surface (12%), and the remaining 12 were located on the popliteal surface (6%), andnone on the anterior surface.Conclusion: Knowledge of the localization and number of the nutrient foramina is useful in certain surgicalprocedures such as bone grafting and microsurgical vascularized bone transplantation, to preserve the circulationintact and for open reduction surgeries.

A study on prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in acute ischaemic stroke patients in Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Extra cranial carotid disease due to arteriosclerosis is usually associated with hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia. Extra cranial carotid stenosis has been found to be less prevalent in black American and in Egyptians while intracranial disease is far more common Various methods includes transcranial doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, cerebral angiography, computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).Methods: All patients with ischaemic stroke of acute onset admitted in the medical wards of Konaseema institute of medical sciences between June 2018 and January 2019 were included in the study. All patients were subjected to CT scan brain study and colour Doppler study of extra cranial carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. Systolic and diastolic velocity of blood flow, carotid intimal medial thickness, presence of athermanous plaque and thrombus was looked for and then the percentage of stenosis of the affected arteries was calculated.Results: In the present study 0ut of 23 patients with carotid stenosis 9 patients had mild carotid stenosis, 8 patients had moderate stenosis and 6 patients had severe stenosis. Out of 23 patients with carotid stenosis the 11 patients have stenosis in the right carotid and 12 patients had stenosis in the left side. The site of stenosis is ICA in 17 patients and CCA in 6 patients.Conclusions: In present study every patient with carotid artery stenosis had one or the other risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis. In other words, there was no patient with carotid artery stenosis, without any risk factor in present study. Hence asymptomatic patients with these risk factors should be screened for carotid stenosis to prevent stroke.

Clinical Evaluation of Balance in Adults with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury

Objectives: The study aimed to find if the balance was impaired in patients of traumatic brachial plexus injury. The objectives were to assess the static balance using single leg stance test time and dynamic balance using the time component of modified dynamic gait index in adults with partial or complete brachial plexus injury (study group) and compare it with healthy normal adults (control group). Methodology: It was a cross-sectional, comparative, observational, single-center study carried out for a period of 6 months including statistical analysis. Total 20 patients with partial or complete traumatic brachial plexus injury and 20 age and gender-matched healthy normal adults were recruited from 18-45 years of age, of either gender who were willing to participate in the study. Individuals with any congenital, cognitive, vascular, neurological issues or with injuries to lower limb were excluded. Static balance was measured using single leg stance test time (in seconds) thrice for each leg (its average was then taken) and the dynamic balance was measured using the score out of 24 for time variable of modified dynamic gait index. Results: No statistical difference in left (p=0.3141) or right (p=0.1572) single leg stance test time was observed, however, there was a statistical difference in ‘time’ component of modified dynamic gait index between the 2 groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that the static balance was not affected but the dynamic balance was affected in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury.

Computer Based Learning Modalities In Anatomy Dissection

Background: Cadaveric dissection has been used for centuries for teaching gross anatomy all over the world. Ithas been considered as a necessity to learn gross anatomy and helps the medical students in understanding thethree-dimensional relationship of different anatomical structures and variations. But the paucity of cadaversand high financial cost has considerably contributed to the development of alternative teaching techniques.Advancement in web-based medical technology leads to the development of virtual dissection programs. Theseprograms have been found to be an effective way to teach anatomy and are being preferred over cadavericdissection. Is cadaveric dissection simply a rite of passage or is it a necessity? The aim of our study was todetermine whether cadaveric dissection is a necessity in medical education, and if it can be replaced by neweralternative techniques like computer based dissection procedure.Materials and Methods: A batch of 150, 1st MBBS students of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabadwere studied by dividing them into 2 groups of 75 each after subjecting them to Conventional based Learning(CNVL) of dissection versus Computer Based Learning (CBL). A questionnaire was given to both the students andthe faculty. Based on the response to the questionnaire statistical analysis was done.Results: The present study indicated that the Computer Based Learning in dissection (CBL) method was found tobe more effective method for teaching anatomy by 79% of the students and 84% of faculty doctors. The valuer=0.89 shows the pre & post score has correlated positively and has an effect of study. (Paired Two Sample t-test:p=3.24E-29<0.05). As well the results were found to be increased with the pre (35%) to post test (65%) and p<0.05implies the effect.Conclusion: The three dimensional (3D) modeling of anatomical structures in the human body was presented indetailed step by step cadaveric dissections. It also provided detailed human anatomical training for students,where there is a lack of cadaver facility and where there are more students to cadaver ratio. Thus, the multimediaequipped interactive anatomical laboratory software enhance both memorization and visual learning skills ofthe medical students