RAPDx Expanded Pupil Diagnostics: A new Dimension in Pupil Evaluation.

Introduction: Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is an imperative sign to assess the retinal and optic nerve function. However, RAPD is subjective, so leads to discrepancies and hence there is the need for a precise quantification of the same. Materials and Methods: 80 subjects were enrolled in the study, pupillary reactions were measured using RAPDx Expanded Pupil Diagnostics (Konan Medical USA, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) and were compared with neutral density filter (NDF) (Gulden Ophthalmics) and swinging flashlight test. Results: The mean pupillary reactions assessed on NDF was less than 0.3 log units and that assessed on RAPDx was 0.28 log units (P<0.001 spearman’s coefficient). Conclusion: RAPDx is comparable to NDF and may be used as a screening tool in Ophthalmology clinic, and gives an accurate and precise quantification of pupillary responses.

Bietti's crystalline dystrophy.

This first report from India describes 5 cases of Bietti's crystalline dystrophy without corneal involvement.

Macular serpiginous choroiditis.

PURPOSE: To report a variant form of serpiginous choroiditis, that initially or predominantly involved the macular area. METHODS: Nine eyes of 6 patients with the macular form of serpiginous choroiditis were evaluated clinically and angiographically in a longitudinal fashion for a period of 12-36 months. The active stage and the recurrences were treated by oral and periocular cortico steroids; and two patients were supplemented with oral azathioprine. Most of these patients were referred to our center with varied diagnoses. RESULTS: In this group, 4 were male and 2 were female with an average age of 30.5 years. Three patients had bilateral macular lesions, two had typical serpiginous choroiditis in the fellow eye and the remaining one had unilateral macular involvement alone. The initial visual acuity was 6/60 or less in 60% eyes whereas the final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in 66% eyes. Angiographic findings were typical of serpiginous choroiditis characterised by early hypofluorescence followed by leakage and staining of the borders and the lesion itself without any evidence of choroidal ischaemia or retinal vascular abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The macular variant of serpiginous choroiditis can mimic many other macular pathologic lesions, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Because of its relentless destructive course, early diagnosis and prompt treatment is required to prevent sight-threatening complications.