RESUMO
Acute visual loss is a mutual complaint with variable presentations amid patients of different ages. The degree of difference diagnoses of vision loss is immense. Generally, monocular vision loss regularly specifies an ocular problem. Binocular vision loss is commonly cerebral in origin. Monocular vision loss can respect the horizontal midline. Binocular vision loss can respect the vertical midline. Many diverse causes of sudden visual loss are recognized; though, the most common cause for painless visual loss is ischemia. Vision loss with positive scotoma may be seen with migraine. Vision loss with a negative scotoma may be seen with amaurosis fugax. Ischemia, often via mechanical obstruction, can affect any aspect of the visual system. Those who develop ischemia of the eye often have other evidence of atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease, which increases their susceptibility to ischemic events in other parts of the body. Risk factors include smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension
RESUMO
Introduction: Diagnosis of schizophrenia is largely a clinical assessment of a group of signs and symptoms. There are various factors that can be a cause or a risk factor for creating this disorder; some preventable and some non-preventable. The treatment options are diverse and are continuously being studied in order to enhance results and minimize adverse effect of various forms of therapy
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: schizophrenia, etiology of schizophrenia, pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of schizophrenia
Aim: Our aim in this study was to understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and study various lines and advancement in management of schizophrenia
Conclusion: In the recent years, many treatment options are emerging where newer drugs and their combination with or without non-pharmacological therapy have shown promising results. More studies must be done to implement advanced regimens for treatment of schizophrenia