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Introduction:This study aimed to assess the incidence, microbiological features and management of surgical site infections (SSIs). Methodology:All patients in the surgical ward were followed from admissions until discharge during the study period. Only hospitalized patients with certain SSIs within 30 days of surgeries were included in the study. Results:A total of 457 patients were followed during the study period. Interestingly, only 9 (1.9 %) of the patients developed SSIs. Most of the patients were males 6 (66.7%) and Saudi nationals 7 (77.8 %). The most common surgical procedures were laparoscopic and orthopedic surgeries with a similar rate of 3 (3.3 %).Conclusion:This study revealed that the incidence of SSIswas quite lower atthe hospital where the study was conducted and different types of antibiotics were used and recommended for prophylaxis
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease [ESRD], where diabetic nephropathy [DN] is considered the cause in almost half of all patients with ESRD. Despite the availability of many modern therapies for glycemic control, there are no specific curative treatments yet for DN and many diabetic patients still progressed to severe renal damage. Currently, albuminuria is the most commonly used marker to predict onset and progression of DN clinically. However, this traditional marker for DN lacks both sensitivity and specificity to detect early stage of DN. Furthermore, there is a lack of a strong association between albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate [GFR]. As such, it is crucial to find earlier and reliable markers for DN diagnosis and intervention providing an opportunity to stop the permanent damage caused by it
Objective: This study focuses on Cyclophilin A [CypA] in urine. CypA is a protein with ubiquitous characteristics, mostly distributed in the cytoplasm and facilitates protein folding and protein trafficking. It has relatively high expression level in normal kidneys. Recently, CypA has been reported to be a reliable novel marker for early diagnosis of DN
Subjects and Methods: Our study was conducted on 90 subjects of comparative age and sex. They were selected from Endocrinology Clinic after written consent at Ain Shams University Hospital and Railway Hospital. Participants were divided into: Group I: 30 healthy control subjects, Group II: 30 T2DM patients without albuminuria [normoalbuminuric], and Group III: 30 T2DM patients with albuminuric DN
Results: Our study showed that regarding the level of urinary CypA there was a highly statistical significant difference between the three groups [F= 221.730, p< 0.01], being higher in GII [normoalbuminuric] [1.69+/-0.87 ng/ml] than in GI [control] [0.55+/-0.14 ng/ml] [t= 7.04, p< 0.01] and higher in GIII [albuminuric DN] [6.01+/-1.61 ng/ml] than GII [t= 12.93, p< 0.001] and GI [t= 18.55, p< 0.0001]. In addition, we found that urinary CypA was significant higher in GIIIb [macroalbuminuria] [7.23+/-0.76 ng/ml] than in GIIIa [microalbuminuria] [4.79+/-1.25 ng/ml] [t= 6.49, p< 0.01]. It worth mentioning that, the level of urinary CypA started to increase significantly in stage 2 DN [2.49+/-0.50 ng/ml] in spite of normal level of albuminuria [no albuminuria] comparing with each of stage 1 DN [1.03+/-0.15 ng/ml], diabetics with no renal affection [0.99+/-0.45 ng/ml] and GI [healthy control] [0.55+/-0.14 ng/ml]. There was significant positive correlation between urinary CypA and each of: sCr in GII [r= +0.39, p< 0.05], GIIIa [r= +0.89, p< 0.001] and GIIIb [r= +0.99, p< 0.001] and ACR in GIIIa [r= +0.93, p< 0.001] and GIIIb [r= +0.98, p< 0.001]
Conclusion: Our study showed that there was a high significant difference in the level of urinary CypA between diabetic patients with any degree of renal affection and healthy subjects being higher in diabetics with renal affection even without the presence of albuminuria
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Background: fetal growth restriction [FGR] is one of the most important complications encountered during pregnancy. The growth-restricted fetus is a fetus that fails to reach its growth potential and is at risk for adverse perinatal morbidity and mortality. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG] defines an IUGR fetus as a fetus with an estimated weight below the 10th percentile
Objective: the study aimed to assess accuracy of transcerebellar diameter [TCD]/ abdominal circumference [AC] ratio, head circumference [HC]/ abdominal circumference [AC] ratio and hepato-cephalic index [HCI] in predicting intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR] after 20 weeks of gestation in pregnant women at risk of developing IUGR
Materials and Methods: a prospective nested cohort study was conducted on 77 pregnant women at risk for IUGR at Ain-Shams University Maternity hospital. all women were examined by abdominal two-dimensional ultrasound after 20 weeks of gestation to assess the sonographic gestational age [BPD, HC, FL, AC, AFI, degree of placental maturation] in fetuses. The Fetal Liver Length [FLL] and Transcelebellar Diameter [TCD] were measured at the time of the scan. Hepato-cephalic index [HCI] was calculated as Fetal Liver Length [FLL]/ Biparital diameter [BPD]. TCD/AC ratio was calculated by dividing Transcerebellar diameter [TCD] and abdominal circumference [AC]. HC/AC ratio was calculated by dividing Head circumference [HC] and abdominal circumference [AC]. All women were followed up and an abdominal ultrasound was done after 3 weeks to confirm diagnosis of IUGR and the same fetal parameters were measured and documented
Results: in predicting IUGR; TCD/AC and HC/AC have significant excellent diagnostic performance with 95%CI 0.829-1.000 and 0.851-0.974 respectively. HCI has significant moderate diagnostic performance with 95% CI 0.787-0.956. As regards comparison between the three ratios in prediction of IUGR in our study, we found that: TCD/AC with a cut-off value >/=13.77 has the highest diagnostic performance in prediction of IUGR. HC/AC with a cut-off value >/=1.04 has moderate diagnostic characteristics in prediction of IUGR. HCI with a cut-off value
Conclusions: TCD/AC ratio had a better diagnostic validity and accuracy compared to HC/AC and HCI in predicting IUGR