Eruption time of premolars in children at urban schools of Lahore, Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to ascertain mean eruption ages of premolars in local school children and to compare with other population groups. cross sectional study. This study was conducted in the Deptt. Of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, KEMU,Lahore from 17.12.2009 to 17.12.2010. The mean eruption ages of permanent teeth were derived from a cross sectional study of 4000 public and private schools children in Lahore with ages ranged 8-13 years. Children were from all classes of socioeconomic status. Sample was examined in good torchlight and emergence through the gingivae was noted. Maxillary premolars erupted earlier than the mandibular ones in both genders. The mean sequence of eruption in upper and lower arch was P[1], P[2]. Maxillary 1[st] premolar was the first tooth to erupt in boys and girls; whereas mandibular 2[nd] premolar was the last one. [1] The premolars erupted slightly earlier than the standards used in our practice of text books. [2] Maxillary premolars erupted earlier than mandibular premolars. [3] Local standards should be applied while planning preventive and interceptive orthodontic measures and treatment modalities in other specialties

Comparison of dental arch widths in class II division I and class II division 2 malocclusion

The dental arch width is of significant interest to orthodontists. The literature confirms a significant difference among the arch width dimensions among the established type of class II malocclusions. The purpose of this study was thus to compare dental arch widths in Class II/1 with Class II/2 malocclusion subjects. The Intercanine, Interpremolar and Intermolar widths were measured on 100 dental casts [50 class II/1 and 50 class II/2 malocclusion subjects]. The data was developed on SPSS 16 for windows. Independent-samples t-test was applied for comparison of the groups. The mandibular Interpremolar width was found out to be significantly narrower whereas Intermolar width was larger in class II/2 sample. No significant differences were documented for maxillary Intercanine and Interpremolar widths, whereas the Intermolar arch width was significantly lager in class II/2 subjects. Lower Interpremolar width was significantly narrow in class II/2 malocclusion and the maxillary and mandibular Intermolar arch width was significantly larger in class II/2 malocclusion

Mesiodens - etiology, prevalence, diagnosis and management

Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the premaxilla between the two central incisors that causes a variety of dental problems such as impaired dentofacial aesthetics, malocclusion, and sometimes may lead to cyst formation. The prevalence of mesiodens ranges from 0.15% to 1.9%. The current literature review focuses on the etiology, prevalence, diagnosis and management of this problem. Several electronic data bases were selected. Hand searching was done to short list relevant articles. A total of 65 studies were initially retrieved out of which 53 relevant studies were selected for the review. Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth that may cause impaired dentofacial esthetics and malocclusion. Males are more prone to be affected than the females. Mesiodens is the most common reported type of supernumerary tooth occurring in permanent dentition. An in-depth evaluation of mesiodens would be helpful to develop significant clinical management of the affected patients

Arch widths in adults with class I normal occlusion and class III malocclusion

The purpose of this study was to compare dental arch widths in Class III malocclusion with Class I normal occlusion subjects. Methodology: The Intercanine, Interpremolar and Intermolar widths were measured on 70 dental casts [35 class I and 35 class III malocclusion subjects]. The data was developed on SPSS 16 for windows. Independent-samples t-test was applied for comparing the two groups. Upper interpremolar and intermolar widths were narrower and lower Intercanine and Intermolar width was larger in class III malocclusion group. Upper intercanine and lower Interpremolar width between the two groups did not reveal any significant difference. In class III malocclusion, almost all the dental arch width measurements in maxilla were smaller and mandibular dental arch width measurements were lager as compared to normal class I normal occlusion

Dental arch widths in class I normal occlusion and class II division 1 malocclusion

The purpose of this study was to compare dental arch widths Class II division 1 malocclusion with normal Class I occlusion subjects. The Intercanine, Interpremolar and intermolar widths were measured on 100 dental casts [50 class I and 50 class II/1 malocclusion subjects]. The data was developed on SPSS 16 for windows. Independent-samples t-test was applied for comparison of the groups. Lower Intercanine width was larger in class II/1 malocclusion and Intermolar width was significantly increased in call I normal occlusion group. Interpremolar width between the two groups did not reveal any significant difference. Lower intercanine width was significantly larger in class II/1 and Maxillary intermolar width was significantly narrower in class II/1 malocclusion subjects

Transmigration of mandibular canines: a review of literature

Transmigration of mandibular canine is a rare entity and is defined as the phenomenon of an unerupted tooth crossing the midline. The exact cause is unknown and the transmigrated tooth usually is asymptomatic. However transmigration might compromise esthetics and occlusion. The current literature review is presented to draw attention towards prominent aspects of this anomaly in developing an understanding for managing such patients. Several electronic databases were searched. Hand searching was done to short list relevant articles. A total of 47 studies were initially retrieved out of which 35 relevant studies were selected for the review. Transmigration is a rare developmental anomaly and has been reported to affect the mandibular canines exclusively. Left side of the arch is reported to be more affected than the right and females show a greater prevalence. Transmigration of mandibular canine is an uncommon phenomenon of unknown etiology that is usually symptom less. An in-depth evaluation of transmigration would be helpful to develop significant clinical management of the affected patients

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis: a review of literature

Tooth agenesis is defined as congenital absence of one or more teeth in primary or permanent dentition and is a common oral variation that affects a large population group. Among the missing one's, maxillary lateral incisor is more frequent causing esthetic and functional impairments in the affected individual. It might be associated with systemic problems, syndromic conditions or other oral anomalies. Management of missing lateral incisors involves a multi-disciplinary approach for rehabilitation of impaired esthetics and function. The current literature review is offered to highlight the important characteristics of this anomaly for better management of such patients. Several electronic databases were searched. Hand searching was done to short list the relevant articles. A total of 63 studies were retrieved out of which 48 most relevant studies were selected for the review. Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is a common dental anomaly and has been reported to affect a wide group of populations. It can be unilateral or bilateral and females are more prone to be affected than the males. Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors is a common oral variation of either genetic or environmental origin. A comprehensive evaluation of the anomaly would be helpful to develop significant clinical management of the affected patients

Class II division 2 malocclusion; cephalometric skeletal evaluation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric skeletal, dental and soft tissue characteristics in class II division 2 malocclusion in the sagittal and vertical dimensions. Lateral cephlaograms of 60 patients for both genders [30 class I and 30 class II/2] were used to determine the characteristics of class II div 2 malocclusion and were compared with control group class I patients. The data base was developed in SPSS 16 for windows. In sagittal plane, mandible was retrognathic in class II/2 malocclusion and demonstrated significantly reduced measurements in vertical plane, indicative of a skeletal deep bite. Upper incisors were significantly retroclined while lower incisors were normally inclined. Both upper and lower lips were protrusive

Cephalometric characteristics of class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusion

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric skeletal and dental characteristics related with class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusions in the sagittal and vertical dimensions. Lateral cephlaograms of 100 patients for both genders were used to determine the characteristics of class II div 1 and class II div 2 malocclusion. The data base was developed in SPSS 11 for windows. In sagittal plane, mandible was more retrognathic in class II/1 than class II/2 malocclusion. Vertically, all the measurements were significantly reduced for class II div 2 malocclu-sion, indicative of a skeletal deep bite. Upper incisors were proclined in class II/1 and retroclined in class II/2 patients. Lower incisors were proclined in class II/1 while normally inclined in patients of class II/2 malocclusion. Class II/1 malocclusion is associated with more retrognathic mandible, proclined upper and lower incisors. Class II/2 malocclusion is associated with a lower anterior facial height and retroclined upper incisors

Soft tissue morphology in bimaxillary proclination

The purpose of this study was to find the pattern of soft tissue morphology in a sample of Pakistani population with bimaxillary proclination. Lateral cephalograms of 100 patients [50 males and 50 females] exhibiting bimaxillary dental proclination were used to determine the skeletal, dental and soft tissue patterns among the subjects. Cephalometric parameters were evaluated and the database was developed in SPSS 10.0 for windows. The bimaxillary protrusion sample was skeletal class II due to mild mandibular deficiency and the mandibular plane inclination was within normal range. The soft tissue analysis showed the protrusion of both upper and lower lips

Upper lip strain in bimaxillary proclination

The purpose of this study was to determine the upper lip by Holdaway's method in individuals with bimaxillary proclination and to find out correlations of skeletal convexity at point A and maxillary incisor inclination with upper lip inclination and upper lipstrain. Lateral cephalograins of 100 patients [50 males and 50 female and exhibiting bimaxillary dental proclination were exposed in closed lip position. Cephalometric radiographs were traced manually and the database was developed in SPSS 10.0 for windows. The results showed a significant positive correlation with upper lip strain measured by Holdaway's method. Holdaway's method reveals lip strain in the sample. No statistical significant correlations of skeletal convexity at point A and maxillary incisor inclination with upper lip inclination were found. A-FP distance revealed a significant negative correlation with upper lip strain recorded by Holdaway's method. I-FH and I-SN plane angles are significantly positively correlated with upper lip inclination and upper lip strain measured by Holdaway's method

Cephalometric characteristics of class II malocclusion: gender dimorphism

The purpose of this study was to determine the gender dimorphism among the subjects exhibiting class II malocclusion in a Pakistani population sample. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 patients [50 male and 50 female] exhibiting class II malocclusion were traced and evaluated.16 angular and 8 linear measurements were used to determine the skeletal, dental and soft tissue patters of the class -II subjects. Significant gender differences were found in SN length variable where males had a significantly larger value than that of female subjects. All the other sagittal skeletal parameters showed no significant gender dimorphism. It was concluded from the study that no statistically significant gender dimorphism exists in the sample other than S-N length, which was larger in males than the female class II subjects. The soft tissue also was protrusive, with lower lips more protrusive in females than the males