Dietary pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with and without associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) than the general population. PCOS and NAFLD have common metabolic risk factors, however, the role of diet in NAFLD development is still uncertain in PCOS women. Objective To evaluate and compare the dietary patterns and nutritional intake in patients with PCOS with and without NAFLD. Method Cross-sectional study that included patients with PCOS diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria. All participants were submitted to abdominal ultrasound to investigate liver steatosis. Dietary profile was assessed by 24-hour food recall (24hR), and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) adapted for the Brazilian population. Physical activity practice was also assessed. Results 87 participants were included (average age 35.2 ± 5.7 years), among whom, 67 (77%) had NAFLD. The group with PCOS and NAFLD presented higher body mass index (BMI) (34.9 ± 4.5 vs. 30.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2; p = 0.001), Waist Circumference (WC) (103 [97‒113] vs. 95 [87.5‒100] cm; p < 0.001) and were considered physically active less frequently than those without NAFLD (34.3% vs. 60%; p = 0.04). Food intake and dietary patterns assessed by 24hR, FFQ and HEI presented no difference between the groups. Conclusions PCOS women with coexistent NAFLD had higher BMI, WC and were less physically active than those without NAFLD. Dietary evaluation showed that PCOS women with NAFLD had no significant difference in macro and micronutrients or food group intake and diet quality in comparison to those without NAFLD.

Rapid thawing human sperm does not affect basic parameters in normozoospermic men: a double-blind prospective study

PURPOSE: To compare sperm recovery from slow versus rapid thawing technique using thirty-eight normozoospermic human sperm samples, as follows. Twenty-one samples from men taking part in routine infertility screening exams (infertile group) and seventeen from proven fertile volunteer men with at least one child (fertile group). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After analysis of motility, concentration, strict morphology and functional integrity of membranes, sperm was divided into two aliquots of 0.5 mL each and frozen in TyB-G medium. Samples were thawed at room temperature (25 ± 2º C) for 25 minutes (slow thaw) or in a water bath at 75º C for 20 seconds followed by water bath at 37º C for 3 minutes (rapid thaw). After thawing, motility, strict morphology and functional integrity of membranes were evaluated by a blinded investigator. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation for parametric variables and analyzed using Student's t-test. Data with unpaired non-parametric variables were expressed as median (interquartile range) and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze non-parametric paired variables. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between techniques for total and progressive motility, percentage of normal morphological forms, hypoosmotic swelling test. CONCLUSIONS: Although the rapid thawing protocol was completed in a shorter time (three minutes and 20 seconds versus 25 minutes, respectively), it wasn't harmful since both techniques showed comparable spermatozoa recovery. Additional research is needed to confirm its safety in clinical research before introducing this methodology in routine assisted reproduction.

Associaçäo entre pólipos cervicais e pólipos endometriais: avaliaçäo histeroscópica / Coexistence of cervical and endometrial polyps diagnosed by hysteroscopy

OBJETIVOS: Verificar se a presença de pólipo cervical eleva a chance de uma mulher ser portadora de pólipo endometrial assintomático; determinar se a associaçäo entre dois tipos de pólipo é independente ou influenciada por fatores demográficos e ambientais. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo de casos e controles a partir de 679 histeroscopias diagnósticas e consecutivas. os casos (diagnóstico histeroscópico de pólipo endometrial) e controles foram comparados quanto à presença de pólipo cervical, além da idade, menopausa, tabagismo e uso de contraceptivos orais. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma prevalência aumentada de pólipos endometriais entre as portadoras de pólipo cervical (32,7 por cento) comparadas às pacientes que näo apresentavam pólipo cervical (7,1 por cento, c²=69,9; p<0,0001. Na análise multivariada, configuram-se como fatores de risco para pólipo endometrial a idade (razäo de chances, RC=1,8 a cada 10 anos; p<0,0001), presença de pólipo cervical (RC=6,4; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento=4,0-10,2) e menopausa (RC=2,0; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento=1,3-3,1). A análise multivariada demonstrou que apenas a idade (RC corrigida=2,4; p<0,0001) e a presença de pólipo cervical (RC corrigida=7,3; p<0,0001) aumentavam, de forma independente, o risco de pólipo endometrial. CONCLUSÄO: Os resultados demonstram que a presença de pólipo cervical e a idade säo fatores de risco importantes para o achado histeroscópico de pólipo endometrial.