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Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 applied for different time periods on injury to human renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods Human renal kidney epithelial cells HK-2 at the logarithmic growth phase were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 105 cells/ml (0.1 ml/well),in culture flasks (5 ml/flask) or in cluture dishes (5 ml/dish).HK-2 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=49 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and 0.3％,1.5％ and 3.0％ HES 130/0.4 groups (H1,H2 and H3 groups).In H1,H2 and H3 groups,HK-2 cells were incubated with 0.3％,1.5％ and 3.0％ HES 130/0.4,respectively.The equal volume of PBS was added to the culture medium in group C.At day 1,3,5 and 7 of incubation,the cell viability was measured.At day 3,5 and 7 of incubation,cell apoptosis was detected,and apoptosis rate was calculated.On day 7 of incubation,the cells were stained with toluidine blue for examination of intracellular HES deposition (under light microscope) and pathological changes (with transmission electron microscope).Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased on day 5 and 7 of incubation,and apoptosis rate was increased on day 3,5 and 7 of incubation in group H3,and no significant difference was detected in the parameters mentioned above in H1 and H2 groups.Microscopic examination showed that intracellular HES deposition was observed in H2 and H3 groups,and pathological changes were obvious,and apoptotic cells were also found in H3 group.Conclusion Application of high-concentration HES 130/0.4 for a long period can lead to injury to human renal tubular epithelial cells,however,application of high-or low-concentration HES 130/0.4 for a short period produces no influence on the cells.
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Objective To observe the effects of mitochondrial protectant on hippocampal mito-chondrial function and synaptic plasticity in isoflurane-anesthesia aged mice.Methods Forty-eight fif-teen-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into 4 groups (n=12):oxygen+normal sa-line (group CN),oxygen+SS-31 (group CS),isoflurane+normal saline (group IN),and isoflurane+SS-31 (group IS).SS-31(5 mg/kg)or normal saline was intraperitoneally administered with a vol-ume of 0.4 ml/kg 30 min before gas inhalation.After two hours gas inhalation,the hippocampus was removed to determine complex Ⅰ-Ⅳ activities,adenosine triphosphate (ATP)and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)levels from isolated mitochondria,and measure the content of synapsin-1,PSD-95,NMDAR2A,NMDAR2B,CaMKⅡα and CaMKⅡβ.Results Compared with the group IN,complex Ⅰ activity,ATP and MMP levels were increased,synapsin-1 and PSD-95 were up-regu-lated,whereas NMDAR2B,CaMK Ⅱα and CaMK Ⅱβ were down-regulated in the group IS (P <0.05).No significant difference was observed in the complex Ⅱ-Ⅳ activities and NMDAR2A expres-sion.Conclusion Mitochondrial protectant SS-31 attenuates isoflurane-induced mitochondrial dysfunc-tion and neuron synaptic plasticity impairments in aged mice.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of edaravone on postoperative delirium in aged patients following total hip -re-placement surgery . Methods Two hundred and forty-six patients undergoing unilateral hip replacement surgery were randomly divided into edaravone group and control group .Patients in the edaravone group were intravenous injected with edaravone 30 mg before anesthesia induction, whereas patients in the control group received the same volume of saline solution .On preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 1, confusion assessment was applied to evaluate the consciousness of patients .The length of hospital stay , incidence of myocardial infarc-tion, stroke, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and transfusion volume were also recorded .Also, the levels of plasma malondialdehyde ( MDA) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , neuron-specific enolase ( NSE) and S100βprotein ( S100β) were measured on the preoperative and postoperative day 1. Results There was no difference in the length of hospital stay , the incidence of perioperative acute pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and stroke (P>0.05).POD was significantly lower in the edaravone group than the control group (P0.05).On the postoperative day 1, plasma levels of MDA and NSE were significantly lower in the edaravone group than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Edar-avone can reduce the incidence of POD in aged patients following total hip-replacement surgery .