Comparison of surgical site infections between laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

Background: This study assessed the causes of infection in cholecystectomy and compared the infection rates between the open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, performed on all patients admitted to Shariati Hospital since February 2017 for cholecystectomy. Initially, the patients were evaluated for infection risk factors, and then surgical site infection rates in these individuals were measured. Infection was assessed at the time of patients discharge [in the first few days after surgery] and again a month later, either in clinic or by phone. Information from 81 patients was collected, and SPSS software version 24 was used to analyse the data using appropriate statistical tests. Statistical significance was defined as p value < 0.05

Results: The mean age of the participants was 45.89 +/- 13.38. The relationship between surgical site infections [SSI] and age, sex, comorbidities [diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, malignancy, chronic lung disease, and chronic kidney disease], taking corticosteroids, smoking, and the emergency or elective nature of the surgery was not significant. The mean age of the patients who underwent open cholecystectomy was higher than the laparoscopic group [p = 0.005]. Similarly, the average hospitalization period for those underwent open cholecystectomy was higher [p = 0.03]. Finally, the infection rates for open cholecystectomy were 6 times higher than laparoscopic surgeries [RR: 6.11]

Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between SSIs and the risk factors assessed in this study. However, infection rates were higher in the open cholecystectomy group. More studies on the various risk factors of infection and the differences between the laparoscopic and open surgical methods are required

Investigating the rate of group Bstreptococcus in below 3 months year old infants with sepsis clinical symptoms hospitalized in Ghaem hospital of Mashahd

Group B streptococcus is the main reason of neonatal infection in developed countries and causes a widespread clinical indications. In developing countries such as Iran, its rate of appearance is not determined. With regard to colonization and the relative high epithelia of group B streptococcus, it is likely that the incidence of group B streptococcus in neonatal sepsis is so high. In the present study, we attempted to use the molecular methods to identify this bacterium and develop the culture environments as well. In the present study, a hundred below three months year old infants with sepsis hospitalized in ICU sector of Ghaem hospital for one year were studied since Khordad 1388 [June 2010]. After getting consent from the infants' parents, three blood samples of these patients in the sterile container with lid were transferred to the laboratory [two samples for culturing in normal environment and the other for PRC]. All of the information was filled out by doctors in the incidence. SPSS 11.5 and descriptive-analytic tests were used for data analysis. 100 infants less than three month, with clinical signs of sepsis were enrolled. Group B Streptococcus and did not grow in none of the culture three infants had positive PCR for Group B Streptococcus, 5 cases had positive normal and developed culture and 6 cases had negative normal and developed culture. 64 percent of pregnant women have taken antibodies before delivery. With regard to the high rate of anti-biotic consumption by mothers before delivery, it is necessary to use more sensitive methods like PCR to identify the Group B Streptococcus

Congenital lobar emphysema: a case report

This case is a bout a neonate with respiratory distress and primary diagnosis of Pneumothorax who had Congenital Lobar Emphysema. This case was the basis to review the topic of Congenital Lobar Emphysema [CLE] and the corresponding literature, considering that this is an uncommon disease and although congenital lobar emphysema is rare, clinical awareness of this condition is important for early diagnosis and effective surgical treatment. Due to the severity of respiratory symptoms, congenital lobar emphysema often requires surgical treatment in the early stages of life

Association of G71R mutation of the UGT1A1 gen with neonatal hyper bilirubinemia in the Iranian population

Jaundice with indirect hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common neonatal problems that occur in 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates but the causes are mostly unknown. It is suggested that race plays an important role in the prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia. It is a common problem in Iran that worries both parents and pediatricians. It has been found that a mutation in the UGT1A1 gene is responsible for structural changes in an encoded enzyme which reduces the function of the enzyme. This is a case-control study carried out in Ghaem Educational Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from December 2007 for the period of one year. 26 healthy neonates tested for indirect hyperbilirubinemia within first week after full-term delivery and 53 healthy neonates without hyperbilirubinemia as a control group were included. Genomic DNA extracted using 2 cc blood sample followed by RFLP-PCR for detection of G71R mutation of UGT1A1 gene have been performed. SPSS software [version 16], t- test and chi square analysis have been used for statistical analysis of obtained data. 4.3% of the hyperbilirubinemic group was homozygotes for mutation in UGT1A1 and 26.1% were heterozygotes while 69.6% had no mutation. 21.3% of the control group had the mutation with 4.3% being homozygote and 17% being heterozygote. Frequency of G71R mutation in the hyperbilirubinemia group was not significantly more than that in the control group among Iranian newborns. This finding suggests that G71R mutation may not contribute to the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Iranian newborns. It is recommended to establish further studies using well-designed inclusion criteria and more specialized mutation analysis techniques which cover all types of probable mutations in G71R gene

Study of types of external genital traumas in women admitted to Motazedi hospital, Kermanshah in 1376-1382

The external genital traumas may lead to emotional and physical complications which can be prevented in case of knowing the types and common creating causes. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of external genital trauma in patients who were admitted to Motazedi hospital at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 1376-1382. This descriptive study was carried out by available data. The data was collected by information form that contained some variables such as patient s age, job, menarche situation, season, cause of trauma and related complications. The records of all of the patients who were admitted to Motazedy hospital in 1376-1382 were studied. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. The study on 82 patients showed that 30.5% were students, 68.3% housewives, 64.4% lived in cities, the maximum frequency of genital trauma in summer and spring were30.5% and 24.4% respectively. The most common trauma was due to first coitus [47.6%] and the damage was most often located at the vulvovaginal [67.1%] as well as urethra [31.1%]. This study showed the most common cause of genital trauma is due to first coitus, thus it is recommended to plan a well educational program to increase knowledge and prepare young person before getting married