Validity of Self-reported Hypertension and Factors Related to Discordance Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Hypertension: Evidence From a Cohort Study in Iran / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES@#Self-reporting can be used to determine the incidence and prevalence of hypertension (HTN). The present study was conducted to determine the validity of self-reported HTN and to identify factors affecting discordance between self-reported and objectively measured HTN in participants in the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort.@*METHODS@#The RaNCD cohort included permanent residents of Ravansar, Iran aged 35-65 years. Self-reported data were collected before clinical examinations were conducted by well-trained staff members. The gold standard for HTN was anti-hypertensive medication use and blood pressure measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of self-reporting were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the discordance between self-reported HTN and the gold standard.@*RESULTS@#Of the 10 065 participants in the RaNCD, 4755 (47.4%) were male. The prevalence of HTN was 16.8% based on self-reporting and 15.7% based on medical history and HTN measurements. Of the participants with HTN, 297 (18.8%) had no knowledge of their disease, and 313 (19.9%) had not properly controlled their HTN despite receiving treatment. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa for self-reported HTN were 75.5%, 96.4%, and 73.4%, respectively. False positives became more likely with age, body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, and female sex, whereas false negatives became more likely with age, BMI, high socioeconomic status, smoking, and urban residency.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported HTN were acceptable, suggesting that this method can be used for public health initiatives in the absence of countrywide HTN control and detection programs.

Validity of Self-reported Hypertension and Factors Related to Discordance Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Hypertension: Evidence From a Cohort Study in Iran / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Self-reporting can be used to determine the incidence and prevalence of hypertension (HTN). The present study was conducted to determine the validity of self-reported HTN and to identify factors affecting discordance between self-reported and objectively measured HTN in participants in the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort. METHODS: The RaNCD cohort included permanent residents of Ravansar, Iran aged 35-65 years. Self-reported data were collected before clinical examinations were conducted by well-trained staff members. The gold standard for HTN was anti-hypertensive medication use and blood pressure measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of self-reporting were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the discordance between self-reported HTN and the gold standard. RESULTS: Of the 10 065 participants in the RaNCD, 4755 (47.4%) were male. The prevalence of HTN was 16.8% based on self-reporting and 15.7% based on medical history and HTN measurements. Of the participants with HTN, 297 (18.8%) had no knowledge of their disease, and 313 (19.9%) had not properly controlled their HTN despite receiving treatment. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa for self-reported HTN were 75.5%, 96.4%, and 73.4%, respectively. False positives became more likely with age, body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, and female sex, whereas false negatives became more likely with age, BMI, high socioeconomic status, smoking, and urban residency. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported HTN were acceptable, suggesting that this method can be used for public health initiatives in the absence of countrywide HTN control and detection programs.

Current challenges of liver transplantation in Iran

Liver transplantation [LT] is a lifesaving procedure and the treatment of choice for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease [ESLD]. There is increasing number of patients with ESLD in Iran. There is a need to expand and develop new centers to provide better access to LT for patients with ESLD in Iran. This review will address current and future challenges for LT in Iran

Liver transplantation: what every gastroenterologist should know about it

Liver transplantation [LT] is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease. Improvement in outcomes [allograft and patient survival] has led to widespread use of LT worldwide. This success is due to improvement in patient selection, transplantation surgery, anesthesia/postoperative care, and immunosuppression management. This review will focus on different aspects of LT, which every physician should know to provide better patient care

improved synthesis and preliminary biodistribution study of a technetium-99m-labeled 2-amino-2-deoxy[thioacetyl]-D-glucose complex [[99mTc]-TA-DG] as a tumor imaging agent

This report describes the synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy[S-benzoylthioacetyl]-D-glucose [S-Bz-TA-DG], radiolabeled with [99mTc[CO]3[OH2]3]+complex with a procedure including deprotection of the benzoyl group, characterization by HPLC using a C18 reverse phase column and preliminary biodistribution study in normal mice. [99mTc[CO]3[H2O]3]+complex was used to label TA-DG with 99mTc. This complex was prepared using up to 46 mCi of Na99mTcO4 in 1mL saline. The radiochemical purity [>95%] was determined by TLC in normal saline solution as the mobile phase. Radio-HPLC analysis of [99mTc]-[TA-DG] at pH=9.5-10, revealed that labeling with 99mTc resulted in the formation of three radiochemical species [Na99mTcO4 with tR=5.7 min, [99mTc[CO]3[H2O]3]+complex with tR=27.5 min and [99mTc]-[TA-DG] [yield>85%] with tR=8.2 min] with different HPLC-profiles. The biodistribution of the [99mTc]-[TA-DG] complex was studied in normal mice [body mass 25-35 g] at 30 min and 1 h post-injection, according to a published procedure. This complex showed negligible brain uptake [0.13% +/- 0.03 ID] at 30 min post-injection, an efficient clearance from the blood, a rapid excretion to the urine and a low retention in the liver and kidneys. Nonfunctionalized carbohydrate compounds such as glucose are generally weak ligands for chelating with 99mTc. Therefore, functionalization with an external chelating group or the insertion of some functional groups is essential to obtain strong metal-binding compounds. On the basis of our results, it seems that [99mTc]-[TA-DG] has not most of the favorable properties as an imaging agent for brain tumors