Corrigendum: Microbiological and clinical effects of enamel matrix derivative and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline application as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy in peri-implant mucosal inflammation

This correction is being published to correct the last author's name in above article.

Microbiological and clinical effects of enamel matrix derivative and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline application as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy in peri-implant mucosal inflammation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial and clinical effects of mechanical debridement (MD) alone or in combination with the application of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and sustained-release micro-spherical minocycline (MSM) for treatment of peri-implant mucosal infl ammation (PIMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects with at least one implant with PIMI were included and divided into control and two different test groups. In all three groups, MD was performed. In the MSM group, following MD, MSM was placed subgingivally around the implants. In the EMD group, after MD, EMD was placed in the sulcus around the implants. Sampling of peri-implant crevicular fl uid for microbial analysis with real-time polymerase chain reaction and recording of probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed prior to as well as two weeks and three months after treatment. Median values and interquartile range were estimated for each variable during the various assessment intervals of the study. RESULTS: In all groups, at two weeks and three months, the counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis decreased significantly compared to baseline. Levels of P. gingivalis were significantly reduced in MSM (P<0.001) and EMD (P=0.026) groups compared to the control group. Also, clinical parameters improved significantly at two weeks and three months. Reduction of PD was significant in MSM (P<0.001) and EMD (P<0.001) groups. The decrease in BOP in the MSM, EMD, and control groups was 60%, 50%, and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of MSM and EMD can be an adjunctive treatment for management of PIMI and improves clinical parameters and reduces P. gingivalis burden three months after treatment.

Comparison of subgingival plaque removal using hand curettes, magnetostrictive ultrasonic sealers and air polishing devices with and without nacho[3] abrasive powder: an ex vivo study

One important treatment objective of periodontal therapy is the removal of bacterial deposits and the arrest of disease progression. The aim of the present study was to compare subgingival plaque removal using hand curettes, magnetostrictive ultrasonic sealers and air-polishing devices [APD] with and without NaHCO3 abrasive powder. In this controlled randomized clinical trial, all surfaces of 60 single-rooted hopeless teeth with untreated periodontitis were treated either by hand curettes, magnetostrictive ultrasonic sealers or APD with or without NaHCO[3] abrasive powder. The teeth were extracted and stained in methylene blue in water solution. Digital images were captured under a microscope and depth of plaque removal was measured with image processing software. ANOVA and correlation tests were applied to data. The mean comparison showed that using APD with water alone failed to achieve adequate plaque removal. Subgingival plaque removal in the lingual surface was significantly lower in all investigated instruments [P < 0.001]. The mean cleansing depths of curettes, ultrasonic sealers and APD with NaHCO[3] powder were 4.6, 6.0 and 4.2 mm, respectively. The effectiveness of different instruments is not identical for different sites. Therefore, the efficiency of these instruments should be adjusted for various clinical applications

Relationship between maternal periodontal condition and body size of newborns

It has been suggested that periodontal disease may be a risk factor for a number of multifactorial systemic conditions such as preterm deliveries. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and body size of newborns. After controlling traditional risk factors for premature child birth and low birth weight. One-hundred eighty mothers were selected: 17 were periodontally healthy, 77 had gingivitis, 72 had initial periodontitis and 14 suffered from established periodontitis. These mothers and their newborns formed the study population. The body size consisting of weight, height, and head and chest circumference, were taken from newborns' hospital files. A decrease in the newborns' body size was observed as the mothers' periodontal disease severity increased. Birth weight, height, and head and chest circumference of babies born of mothers with established periodontal disease were significantly lower than those who were born of mothers with healthy periodontal condition, gingivitis and initial periodontal disease [P = 0.006, P=0.016, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively]. The data suggest that there is a considerable association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and body size of their newborns, this preliminary finding needs to be confirmed in more extensive studies

Association of periodontal diseases with elevation of serum C-reaetive protein and body mass index

C-reactive protein [CRP] is a well-known acute-phase reactant produced by the liver in response to inflammation caused by various stimuli. Periodontal disease is a chronic infection of tooth-supporting structures characterized by attachment loss and alveolar bone loss. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum C-reactive protein levels and periodontal diseases. The study was conducted on 166 patients referring to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry. The age range was between 35 and 59 years. 83 subjects with periodontitis according to NHANES III index as test group and 83 healthy individuals as controls participated in this study. Body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], probing depth, attachment loss and CRP levels were measured in both test and control groups. Data was analyzed with Student's t-test, odds ratio [OR], Chi-square test and Spearman's correlation coefficient, using SPSS 13.0 software. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between all of the analyzed variables in test and control groups [P < 0.05]. Classifying the test subjects into two subgroups [subjects with CRP >/= 3 mg/l and subjects with CRP < 3 mg/l], the highest OR in females belonged to WC [OR = 6.4; 95% CI: 1.18-35.2, P = 0.02] and in males to obesity [OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 0.65-35.19, P = 0.05]. Considering the correlation between obesity, overweight, WC and CRP with probing depth and attachment loss denoted that obesity presented the highest [r = 1, P = 0.00] and overweight the lowest [r = 0.4, P = 0.07] association. In females, CRP was related to the severity of periodontitis and attachment loss [r = 0.662, P = 0.00]. Excluding overweight, the association between all the variables was statistically significant [P < 0.05]. Our findings indicate that periodontal disease is correlated with CRP elevation and diseases associated with obesity

Clinical results of localized alveolar ridge augmentation with bone grafts harvested from symphysis in comparison with ramus

Autogenous onlay bone grafting is a common procedure for alveolar ridge augmentation. It has been suggested that the amount of healed bone after this technique would be significantly less than the initial quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the various parameters influencing the outcome of ridge augmentation procedures. Thirty-two patients, 17 males and 15 females [mean age 40 +/- 8.66], requiring lateral ridge augmentation in the anterior maxilla were recruited. Bone grafts obtained from either the mandibular ramus or symphysis were grafted on the recipient site and the buccolingual dimensions of the edentulous ridge before and six months after the procedure were measured and the difference between them was considered as ridge augmentation [RA]. Parameters including graft thickness [GT], graft area [GA] and donor site [DS] were also recorded. Onlay bone grafts, taken from mandibular and symphysis areas, significantly increased the buccolingual dimension of the alveolar ridge [mean 1.98 +/- 1.22 mm, p < 0.001]. However, the mean RA by symphysis grafts was significantly greater than ramus grafts [2.49 mm vs. 1.48 mm]. There was also a significant correlation between graft thickness, surface area and the amount of bone augmentation. Symphysis area provides thicker and larger grafts, which may result in a better clinical outcome in alveolar ridge augmentation

effect of german chamomile mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation

Dental plaque is a well known etiologic factor for gingivitis. Recently, herbal extracts are a matter of scientific interest to inhibit plaque accumulation on teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of German Chamomile [GC] mouth wash on plaque and gingival indices. Twenty five gingivitis patients [15 female and 10 male, mean age 27 +/- 7.76 years] participated in this controlled, double blind cross-over study. The subjects used either GC or a control rinse for 2 min twice a day during a 4 weeks period. The other mouth rinse was used after a wash-out period of 4 weeks in the same way. The plaque and gingival indices were recorded at baseline and after each experimental or wash-out period. Furthermore, stain indices for intensity and extend were recorded to evaluate the tooth staining effects of the mouthrinses. The mean reduction in plaque and gingival scores were determined by using the test or control mouthwash and statistically analyzed by paired sample t- test. The stain intensity and extend in each period of the study were also analyzed by the two-way ANOVA. The GC mouthwash lowered both plaque and gingival scores significantly in comparison to the control rinse [p?0.001], whilst there was no significant difference in stain intensity or extend between the baseline and after each period of the study. There was also no report of any adverse reactions during the use of mouth rinses in this the study. Using GC mouthwash appears to offer benefit in plaque and gingival reduction without any significant adverse effects on tooth staining