RESUMO
Statement of the Problem: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth [SHEDs] are a population of highly proliferative cells, being capable of differentiating into osteogenic, odontogenic, adipocytes, and neural cells. Vitamin D3 metabolites such as 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are key factors in the regulation of bone metabolism
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on osteogenic differentiation [alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining] of stem cells of exfoliated deciduous teeth
Materials and Method: Dental pulp was removed from freshly extracted primary teeth and immersed in a digestive solution. Then, the dental pulp cells were immersed in alpha-MEM [minimum essential medium] to which 10% fetal bovine serum was added. After the third passage, the cells were isolated from the culture plate and were used for osteogenic differentiation. As a control group, the cells were cultured in osteogenic cell culture medium. As the case group, the cells were cultured in osteogenic culture medium supplemented with 100 nM 1 alpha, 25 [OH]2D3. The alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity and alizarin red staining were analyzed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation at day 21. The results were analyzed by using t-test
Results: Compared with the control group, significant increase was observed in ALP activity of SHEDs after being treated with 1 alpha, 25[OH]2D3 [p= 0.002]. Alizarin red staining demonstrated that the cells exposed to 1 alpha, 25[OH]2D3 induced higher mineralized nodules [p< 0.001]
Conclusion: Osteoblast differentiation in SHEDs was stimulated by 1 alpha,25[OH] 2D3. It can be concluded that 1 alpha,25[OH]2D3 can improve osteoblastic differentiation
RESUMO
Background: There is disagreement on the effect of diabetes on oral hygiene. The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health and hygiene status of type 1 diabetic patients
Methods: In this case control study, periodontal health and hygiene of 80 children and adolescents [5-18 yr of age] with type 1 diabetes mellitus referred to Pediatric Endocrine Clinic of Besat Hospital Hamadan Iran 2013 - 2014 and 80 non diabetic control subjects were clinically assessed. The required data such as sex, age, duration of the diabetes, type and number of insulin injections per day were obtained from self-administered questionnaire and the patient's medical records. Participants in both groups were examined for Decay-missing- filled teeth [DMFT]; dmft [or primary teeth], oral hygiene using O'Leary plaque index [PI] and gingivitis index [Gl]. P<0.05 was considered significant
Results: The mean age of the study and the control group was 12.5+/-4.05 and 12.08+/-3.47 yr, respectively. There were no significant difference between two groups in terms of DMFT [P=0.158] and PI indices [P=0.373]. The Gl index difference was statistically significant in diabetic group [P=0.001]. Interestingly, a higher dmft index was observed in the control group [F=0.008]. In diabetic groups, Gl and DMFT index increased significantly with duration of diabetes
Conclusions: Apart from higher scores of Gl index, frequency of oral and periodontal disease was not different in diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects. Findings of present study are insufficient to support a significant effect of diabetes on increasing the risk of oral and periodontal diseases. However, diabetic children and adolescents should receive oral hygiene instructions
RESUMO
The exfoliated human deciduous tooth contains multipotent stem cells [Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous tooth [SHED]] that identified to be a population of highly proliferative and clonogenic. These cells are capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types including osteoblast/osteocyte, adiopcyte, chondrocyte and neural cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differentiation of SHED to osteoblast in standard osteogenic medium and comparing the results with medium which supplemented with glucosamine in form of chitosan. Dental pulp cells were isolated from freshly extracted primary teeth, digested with 4 mg/ml collogenase/dispase, and grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10 percent fetal bovine serum. The clonogenic potential of cells was performed after 3 weeks of culture. Flowcytometric analysis, performed at day 21 of culture to identify surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells. The cells from 3rd passage were used for osteogenic differentiation in routine osteoinductive medium. Chitosan [10 microg/ml] was added to the culture medium of case group. Alizarin Red Staining and Alkaline Phosphatase [ALP] activity were done to evaluate osteogenic differentiation in the developing adherent layer on the third passage. The results were analyzed using T-test. For the analysis of normal distribution of data, non-parametric Kolmogrov-Smirnov test was used. The colonogenic efficiency was more than 80%. Flowcytometric analysis showed that the expression of mesenchymal stem cell marker CD90, CD 105 and CD146 were positive in SHED, while hematopoietic cell marker CD34, CD45 and endothelial cell marker CD31 were negative. Quantitative analysis of Alizarin Red Staining demonstrated that: mineralized nodule formation was higher in the group supplemented with glucosamine [chitosan]. Results from Alkaline Phosphatase activity test, on day 21, demonstrated a significantly higher ALP activity in the group supplemented chitosan [P<0.001]. Stem cells isolated and cultured from exfoliated deciduous teeth pulp can be differentiated to osteoblast. Addition of chitosan can be beneficial to promote osteogenic differentiation of these cells