Immunoglobulin therapy in recurrent pregnancy loss

Recurrent pregnancy loss is a global issue. This study was planned in order to evaluate the effects of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIg] in primary and secondary unexplained miscarriages in patients of recurrent pregnancy loss. Total 168 couples having history of primary or secondary recurrent pregnancy loss were included in the study. They were divided into IVIg group and control group. IVIg group was given 50 gm of IVIg on monthly basis. Control group was provided with normal saline drip at same intervals. Statistical package for social sciences 19 [SPSS 19] was used to analyze the data. Women receive IVIg treatment [primary + secondary recurrent pregnancy loss] shows significantly higher percentage of live birth as compare to control group [81%; p < 0.000]. Percentage of full term live birth is also significantly increased in IVIg group in comparison with control group [76.2%; p < 0.000]. In primary recurrent pregnancy loss total percentage of live births and full term live births were 85.3 and 79.4% in IVIg group while in control group it was 26.9% and 19.2% [p < 0.000]. In secondary recurrent pregnancy loss percentage of total number of live birth and full term live births in IVIg group is 78% and 74% in comparison with control group 32% and 26% respectively [p < 0.000]. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin has a beneficial role in patients of primary and secondary recurrent miscarriages

Uterine leiomyomata -unusual number managed with conservation of uterus

Uterine leiomyomata are the commonest neoplasms of female reproductive tract. On an average there are six to seven fibroids in the affected uterus. These neoplasms may lead to symptoms like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pressure effects, urinary frequency, pelvic pain, infertility and pelvic mass. Here we present a case report of 34 years old nulliparous women having an unusual number [48] of fibroids. As she was nulliparous and wanted to conceive, her uterus was conserved and all the fibroids were surgically removed

Trend of fertility potentials with increasing age in Pakistani males

The objective being to examine the magnitude and the shape of the relationships between age and semen volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility by keeping the other factors affecting fertility directly constant among patients undergoing infertility evaluation at National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan. This experimental study with non-probability sampling was conducted in Reproductive Physiology/Health, Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad during 2006-2009. A total 350 patients [21-50 years] were divided age wise into three groups [21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years] to compare alteration in sperm count and motility. Semen profile was evaluated according to WHO reference value for normal semen characteristics. The result of Sperm concentration showed a non significant [p>0.05] decreasing trend with increasing age that was 0.047million/ml for every year where as sperm motility declined significantly with increasing age at p>0.05. Age-related decreases in semen qualities particularly decline in sperm motility revealed that men may become progressively less fertile as they age. However, unlike women, there appears to be no evidence of an age threshold for men

Leptin levels in infertile males

To determine the leptin levels in the serum of normal, subfertile and infertile men. Analytical study. Department of Animal Sciences Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad and Dr. Salma and Kafeel Medical Centre, Islamabad, from April to December 2009. Serum leptin levels hormonal concentrations [LH, FSH and testosterone] were determined by EIA in 154 males including 24 [15.58%] fertile, 19 [12.34%] polyzoospermic [PZs], 26 [16.88%] teratozoospermic [TZs], 27 [17.53%] astheno-teratozoospermic [ATZs], 18 [11.69%] oligozoospermic [OZs], 18 [11.69%] oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic [OATZs], 11 [7.14%] obstructive azoospermic [OBST-AZOOs] and 11 [7.14%] non-obstructive azoospermic [NON-OBST- AZOOs]. BMI was also determined, divided into groups of greater than 24. Hormonal concentrations were compared by ANOVA and correlation was performed by using Graph pad prism version 5. Significantly high levels of leptin concentrations were found in fertile [p < 0.001] as well as TZs, PZs, OZs, ATZs,[p < 0.001], OATZs [p < 0.01] and NON-OBST-AZOOs [p < 0.05] male subjects with BMI > 24 compared to fertile and infertile male patients with BMI < 24. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in PZs, OATZs, OZs, NON-OBST-AZOOs male patients with BMI < 24 compared to PZs [p < 0.05], OATZs, OZs [p < 0.01], OBST-AZOOs [p < 0.001] male patients with BMI > 24. Leptin showed a significant positive correlation with LH [p < 0.01] and FSH [p < 0.002] and a significant negative correlation with testosterone [p < 0.001]. Abnormal leptin level was significantly associated with fertility problems in males. Providing a link between leptin and reproduction factors contributing in control of testosterone and gonadotropins secretion in many aspects depending on fertility status in male subjects. BMI appears to have significant association with serum leptin levels