RESUMO
Aplastic anemia is a disorder in which the bone marrow fails to make enough blood cells. to identify the various aetiological factors that stands behind aplastic anemia as a common hematological problem and the various outcomes of those patients along one year. The study included 80 patients with aplastic anemia who were admitted to the Clinical Hematology Unit of Assuit University Hospital from November 2011 to October 2012. All patients were recruited for careful history and meticulous investigations to detect predisposing factors. Results: 42.5% of all studied aplastic anemia patients had any definite etological or predesposing factor, so considered as idiopathic group while, 57.5% were secondry to chmicels and/or insecticides [22.5%], hepatitis C[15%], systemic lupus erythematosis[SLE] [12.5%] and rheumatoid arthritis[7.5%]. The observed outcomes showed that complete recovery in 39%t of the secondry aplastic anemia patients [P<0.001], chronicity in 22% while 39% died. However, none of the idiopathic aplastic anemia' patients reached recovry, 59% become chronic [P<0.001] and 41% died [P<0.05]. Secondary aplastic anemia patients have a chance for recovery by correcting the primary etiology that is not an option in idiopathic patients. The hope for not recovered aplastic anemia patients is dependency on transfusional support and immunosupressive therapy waiting for a chance in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The expected outcome of most of unrecovered patients is death unless find early chance for transplantation.So, there is a very potential need for stem cell transplantation center in Assuit University as an important referral center in Upper Egypt