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1.
P. R. health sci. j ; 21(4): 343-347, Dec. 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-356229

RESUMO

The Gram-positive cocci (GPC), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, have become important causes of community and nosocomial-acquired infections. The prevalence of multiple resistant isolates to standard antimicrobial drugs has significantly increased over the past decades. Few prospective studies have been performed in Puerto Rico (PR) concerning the GPC antimicrobial susceptibilities pattern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of GPC clinical isolates from PR to selected standard antibiotics and to the new antimicrobial agents, linezolid (LZ), quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) and gemifloxacin (GM). The in vitro susceptibility utilizing disk diffusion and Etest methods to selected antibiotics was determined for a total of 429 isolates obtained during a period of 5 months from the Puerto Rico Medical Center Bacteriology Laboratory. The distribution of GPC collected was as follows: 213 S. aureus isolates, 162 E. faecalis, 16 E. faecium and 38 S. pneumoniae. The results of the susceptibility test demonstrated: 1) that in S. aureus, 100 per cent of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (VAN), LZ and Q/D; 93 per cent to GM; and 61 per cent to methicillin/oxacillin; 2) in S. pneumoniae, 100 per cent were susceptible to LN and GM; 87 per cent to Q/D; and 53 per cent to penicillin; 3) in E. faecalis, 99 per cent were susceptible to ampicillin; 93 per cent to LZ; 79 per cent to GM; 78.6 per cent to VAN; and 0 per cent to Q/D. Sixty eight and 66 per cent of the E. faecalis isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and streptomycin respectively; and 4) in E. faecium, 100 per cent were susceptible to LZ; 94 per cent to Q/D; 69 per cent to GM; 37.5 per cent to VAN and 20 per cent to ampicillin. In E. faecium isolates, 50 per cent and 31 per cent were susceptible to gentamicin and streptomycin, respectively. Of the vancomycin resistant enterococci, 88.9 per cent and 21 per cent of E. faecium and faecalis showed VanA phenotypic resistance, respectively...


Assuntos
Humanos , Cocos Gram-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Cocos Gram-Positivos/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Prospectivos , Porto Rico
2.
Rev. chil. anat ; 17(2): 217-24, 1999. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-269557

RESUMO

La actividad socioeconómica de la II Región de Chile es la minería del cobre, generándose subproductos que son eliminados al medio. Se ha informado en centros industrializados, que los metales pesados se transfieren de las madres a los fetos, vía placenta. Se propone conocer la bioacumulación de cobre en órganos y fluidos en ratas gestantes y su efecto en la formación de centros primarios de osificación (CPO). Hembras de tres meses Sprague Dowley, se ciclan y se cruzan en estro. Al octavo día de gestación, se inyectan i.p. con 1 ml de CuSO en concentraciones 1024, 512, 256, 128 y 64 ppm y suero fisiológico, el grupo control. A los 18 días, se sacrifican y se evalúan los fetos, procesándose por técnicas de tinción, diafanización e histológica. Secciones de 5 um se tiñen con azul de Alcian /Azul de Toluidina. Se recupera sangre materna, membranas amniocoriónica, líquido amniótico y placenta, entre grupos tratados y controles. Una diferencia significativa en la formación de los CPO en vértebras y dorsales, se encontró con el tratamiento de 256 ppm, en comparación con el control (p<0.05). No se observaron anomalías externas. Se infiere que ión cobre se transfiere a los fetos vía placenta, bioacumulándose en el hígado e induciendo alteraciones o retardo en la formación de CPO, especialmente a nivel de vértebras cervicales y dorsales; observándose microscópicamente en dichas zonas, ausencias de tejido cartilaginoso característico


Assuntos
Animais , Gravidez , Ratos , Cobre/intoxicação , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bioacumulação , Estudos de Casos e Controles
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