Evaluation of the needs of patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes many problems in patients. Since training should be done in according to the educational needs, this study is performed to assess the educational needs of MS patients. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, and its tool was a questionnaire on the educational needs of MS patients. Fifty patients referred to the MS society were selected through simple sampling. Based on the obtained results, 60% of patients were female, 52% were single, and 16% were high school undergraduates. Seventy-eight percent of the patients needed training about disease nature, 82% about treatment and care, 46% about nutrition, and 32% about physical activity. The findings showed that patients need more education about treatment and self-care.

Semantic divergence in clinical education: Student-centered or student democracy

Although several studies have confirmed the validity and the strength of the student centered approach and most training centeres have put it as the heading of their agenda, there are still problems in the method of implementation, increasing the need for further research to review the mode of implementation. In this regard, the present study has been conducted to investigate students' and educators' perception in terms of interaction manner in clinical education process. This study was performed in a qualitative approach and by the conventional content analysis method. Data were collected until saturation through use of individual semi structured interviews. Twenty one subjects including undergraduate nursing students [8 cases], faculty member educators [9 cases], head nurses [3 cases], and educational supervisor [1 case] participated in the study, and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA3 software. "Student democracy" was extracted through data analysis as the main theme of the study. Participants' experience in terms of the five sub themes included instructor's loss of dignity, negligence in the evaluation of the students, poor discipline, lack of compliance with the educator, and lack of motivation. Instructor's weaknesses in planning, guiding, and evaluating the students led to student's interference in these affairs and a challenge in effective student centered approach. Although excessive emphasis on students' opinion for educational evaluation is apparently a sign of tribute to the students, it ultimately contributes to ignoring the process of learning to attract students' interest, occupational devaluation, and a decrease in students' motivation.

[Effect of a dietary program on school boy's vitamin A and iron intake]

Nutrition is the most important aspect for healthy and disease in children and adolescents. This pre-experimental study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of developed dietary intervention programmed package in vitamin A and iron received in school children. This study was performed on 120; 11-14 years old children along with their families were randomly recruited and divided in two experimental and control groups from Ajabshir Junior high Schools. Families' dietary history and dietary data from students by means of three consecutive 24-hour diet records and recalls before and after intervention were collected. Data collection has done by nutritional table and quaderprounch. Factors such as age, education level, job, income, type of home matched. Dietary intervention programmed package contained on role of vitamin A and iron received in growth and healthy, introducing sources of vitamin A and iron in nutrition and take 7 nutritional plans based on socio-economical level for families [21 plans for 3 levels]. This plan flowed up for 30 days and the 2 questionnaires measured again in 2 groups. The baseline data indicated that intake of most micronutrients were below the Recommended Dietary Allowance after the intervention period. Vitamin A and iron intakes of the experimental subjects were significantly higher than those of the control group [P<0.001]. These results indicate that encouraging the consumption of rich but cheap and locally available dietary sources of vitamin A and iron can prevent vitamin A and iron deficiencies in school children. Thus to prevent micronutrients deficiencies, were commend establishing dietary intervention programs availability of foods and communities according to their cultural and socioeconomic status