RESUMO
The bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is a South American canid, included in the IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) official list of animals threatened with extinction, in the vulnerable category. As a preservation and conservation strategy, specimens kept in captivity by Brazilian Institutions are monitored by a management plan. In order to characterize and analyze the genetic variability of bush dog specimens, a cytogenetic analysis was carried out, and microsatellite data were also obtained through the use of 15 primers, originally developed for the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). All tested primers showed transferability and amplified fragment sizes similar to those described for the canine genome. From the total number of primers, eight were tested, and presented two polymorphic regions. Regarding cytogenetic analysis, one of the animals had chromosomal mosaicism, disqualifying it as a reproducer to form stocks. Thus, we concluded that the genetic evaluation of wild animals kept in captivity provides data that can help with the practice of exchange between different institutions, avoiding problems in the reproductive capacity of the breeding stock.
O cachorro-vinagre (Speothos venaticus) é um canídeo sul americano que está na lista oficial do Ibama de animais ameaçados de extinção, na categoria vulnerável. Como estratégia de preservação e conservação, os espécimes mantidos em cativeiro por instituições brasileiras são acompanhados por um plano de manejo. Visando a caracterização genética e posterior análise de variabilidade genética de exemplares de cachorro-vinagre, foi feita a análise citogenética e testou-se a transferabilidade de 15 primers de regiões microssatélites desenvolvidos para o cachorro doméstico (Canis familiaris) para esta espécie de canídeo. Todos os primers testados mostraram transferabilidade, com fragmentos amplificados de tamanhos semelhantes aos descritos para o genoma canino. Do total de primers, oito foram testados em 25 animais cativos e, dentre estes, duas regiões apresentaram polimórficas. Em relação à análise citogenética, um dos animais analisados apresentou mosaicismo cromossômico, desqualificando-o para utilização como reprodutor na formação de plantéis. Os demais exemplares apresentaram padrão cariotípico esperado para a espécie. Desta forma, concluiu-se que a avaliação genética de animais silvestres criados em cativeiro fornece dados que podem auxiliar com a prática de intercâmbio entre animais de diferentes instituições, evitando o comprometimento na capacidade reprodutiva do plantel.
Assuntos
Cromossomos , Extinção Biológica , Repetições de Microssatélites , MosaicismoRESUMO
Neotropical parrots are among the most threatened groups of birds in the world, and many species are facing extinction in a near future. At the same time, the taxonomic position of many species remains unclear. Karyotype analysis has been used to elucidate the phylogenetic status of many bird groups, also providing important information for both in situ and ex situ conservation plans. The objective of the present study was to describe for the first time the karyotypes of the endangered Hyacinth Macaw, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, and of the Hawk-headed Parrot, Deroptyus accipitrinus. A diploid number of 2n = 70 and a karyotype similar to the main pattern previously found for the genera Ara, Cyanopsitta, Aratinga, Propyrrhura, Pionites, Pionopsitta, Nandayus, and Guaruba were found for both species. These karyotype descriptions can be a starting point for the genetic monitoring of these two declining species
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Aves , Cromossomos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Variação Genética , Citogenética , Genética Populacional , CariotipagemRESUMO
The karyotypes of nine species of the family Ramphastidae were determined and compared with that of the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), the only ramphastid karyotype so far reported in the literature. Differences in the morphology of the largest chromosomes allowed to identify three karyotype groups. The first group included the species R. toco, Baillonius bailloni, Pteroglossus castanotis, P. aracari and Selenidera maculirostris, in which only the first pair of chromosomes was metacentric. The second group included four Ramphastos species (R. dicolorus, R. ariel, R. vitellinus, R. tucanus cuvieri) with two pairs of metacentric macrochromosomes (the first and the seventh). The third group was represented by a single species, A. laminirostris, in which all the autosomal chromosomes were telocentric. All of the species had subtelocentric Z chromosomes, similar in size to homologues of the first pair. Sex chromosome W was a small chromosome. The chromosome number ranged from 2n = 62 in P. aracari to 114 in R. toco. The cytotaxonomic relationships among toucan species are discussed, based on chromosome analysis