Aerobic exercise prevents cardiomyocyte damage caused by oxidative stress in early cardiovascular disease by increasing vascularity while L-arginine supplementation prevents it by increasing activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase

L-Arginine and chronic exercise reduce oxidative stress. However, it is unclear how they affect cardiomyocytes during cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible effects of L-arginine supplementation and aerobic training on systemic oxidative stress and their consequences on cardiomyocytes during cardiometabolic disease onset caused by excess fructose. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (C), fructose (F, 10% fructose in water), fructose training (FT; moderate running, 50-70% of the maximal velocity), and fructose arginine (FA; 880 mg/kg/day). Fructose was given for two weeks and fructose plus treatments for the subsequent eight weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, nitrite, metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, left ventricle histological changes, microRNA-126, -195, and -146, eNOS, p-eNOS, and TNF-α expressions were analyzed. Higher abdominal fat mass, triacylglycerol level, and insulin level were observed in the F group, and both treatments reversed these alterations. Myocardial vascularization was impaired in fructose-fed groups, except in FT. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in all fructose-fed groups. TNF-α levels were higher in fructose-fed groups than in the C group, and p-eNOS levels were higher in the FA than in the C and F groups. Lipid peroxidation was higher in the F group than in the FT and C groups. During CVD onset, moderate aerobic exercise reduced lipid peroxidation, and both training and L-arginine prevented metabolic changes caused by excessive fructose. Myocardial vascularization was impaired by fructose, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy appeared to be influenced by pro-inflammatory and oxidative environments.

Mental stress induces endothelial dysfunction by AT1R-mediated redox imbalance in overweight/obese men

The main goal of this study was to determine whether oxidative imbalance mediated by AT1 receptor (AT1R) is responsible for deleterious endothelial responses to mental stress (MS) in overweight/obese class I men. Fifteen overweight/obese men (27±7 years old; 29.8±2.6 kg/m2) participated in three randomized experimental sessions with oral administration of the AT1R blocker olmesartan (40 mg; AT1R blockade) or ascorbic acid (AA; 3g) infusion or placebo [both intravenously (0.9% NaCl) and orally]. After two hours, endothelial function was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before (baseline), 30 min (30MS), and 60 min (60MS) after a five-minute acute MS session (Stroop Color Word Test). Blood was collected before (baseline), during MS, and 60 min after MS for redox homeostasis profiling: lipid peroxidation (TBARS; thiobarbituric acid reactive species), protein carbonylation, and catalase activity by colorimetry and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by an ELISA kit. At the placebo session, FMD significantly decreased 30MS (P=0.05). When compared to baseline, TBARS (P<0.02), protein carbonylation (P<0.01), catalase (P<0.01), and SOD (P<0.01) increased during the placebo session. During AT1R blockade, FMD increased 30 min after MS (P=0.01 vs baseline; P<0.01 vs placebo), while AA infusion increased FMD only 60 min after MS. No differences were observed during MS with the AT1R blockade and AA regarding TBARS, protein carbonylation, catalase, and SOD. AT1R-mediated redox imbalances played an important role in endothelial dysfunction to mental stress.

Short isocapnic hyperoxia affects indices of vascular remodeling and intercellular adhesion molecules in healthy men

In preparation for tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia, the patient may be ventilated with 100% oxygen. To investigate the impact of acute isocapnic hyperoxia on endothelial activation and vascular remodeling, ten healthy young men (24±3 years) were exposed to 5-min normoxia (21% O2) and 10-min hyperoxia trials (100% O2). During hyperoxia, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) (hyperoxia: 4.16±0.85 vs normoxia: 3.51±0.84 ng/mL, P=0.04) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) (hyperoxia: 8.40±3.84 vs normoxia: 5.73±2.15 pg/mL, P=0.04) increased, whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity (hyperoxia: 0.53±0.11 vs normoxia: 0.68±0.18 A.U., P=0.03) decreased compared to the normoxia trial. We concluded that even short exposure to 100% oxygen may affect endothelial activation and vascular remodeling.

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino com resistência quimioterápica e metástase esplênica. Relato de caso / Canine transmissible venereal tumor with chemotherapy resistance and splenic metastasis. Case report

RESUMO O Tumor Venéreo Transmissível Canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia de células redondas que tem a particularidade de se implantar em mucosas que tenham perdido a sua integridade. Nesse local o tumor prolifera e ocasionalmente origina metástase. Em geral, o tumor responde ao tratamento com sulfato de vincristina, porém a resistência quimioterápica associada ao fenótipo tumoral tem sido documentada. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de TVTC genital de fenótipo citológico misto com metástase esplênica e o insucesso da quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina, em uma fêmea canina, da raça Australian Cattle Dog, de cinco anos de idade. Após diagnóstico citológico e histológico, o tumor primário foi ainda caracterizado em fase de progressão e mostrou baixa expressão de moléculas do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade (MHC) (4,4 ± 2% classe I e 11 ± 4,1% classe II). A cadela foi submetida à ovariohisterectomia e esplenectomia terapêutica e não apresentou recidiva do tumor após 12 meses de acompanhamento clínico.

ABSTRACT The canine transmissible venereal tumor is a type of round cell cancer that have the particularity of implanting in mucous tissue, when they lose their integrity, at which point the tumour proliferates and may even develop metastases. The tumor typically responds well to vincristine sulfate chemotherapy, although there are cases of resistance to the drug correlated with the tumoral phenotype. We describe herein a genital mixed TVTC case with metastases at spleen and failure at vincristine sulfate chemotherapeutic treatment in a five years old Australian Cattle Dog female. After the cytological, histological and cytogenetic diagnostic, the primary tumor was still characterized in progression phase and showed low major histocompatibility complex expression MHC (4,4 ± 2% class I e 11 ± 4,1% class II. The dog underwent therapeutic splenectomy and ovariohysterectomy and did not present tumor recurrence within 12 months of clinical follow-up.

Optimizing the transport of porcine semen: a proposal for Brazil / Otimizar o transporte do sêmen suíno: uma proposta para o Brasil

Semen from the first 15mL of the ejaculate (P1) obtained from two boars (30mL) was diluted in glycine-egg yolk extender, cooled at 5°C in a special container and rediluted in standard doses of 3x109 mobile spermatozoa after 12h of storage. Semen was also stored up to 24h after redilution. The physical characteristics of the semen were evaluated at different storage periods (fresh, 0h, 12h, rediluted, 24h, and 36h). The reproductive performance of the boars and their fertility regarding the insemination of primiparous sows were also determined. Two treatments were used: T1-15B sows inseminated with semen originated from hyperconcentrated heterospermic doses (15x109 mobile spermatozoa per dose), rediluted after 12h of storage at 5°C for standard doses of 3x109 mobile spermatozoa per dose and stored at 5°C up to 24h after redilution (n=10); T2-3B sows inseminated with standard heterospermic doses (3x109 mobile spermatozoa per dose), stored at 5°C up to 36h after semen collection (n=10). There was no effect (P>0.05) of treatments on the spermatic motility, even though a pronounced decrease (P>0.05) of their values at 12h of storage was recorded. However, they remained higher than 70% until 36h. There was effect of treatments on spermatic vigour at 0h (P<0.05), when T1-15B vigour was higher. There was also effect of the storage period for both treatments with a progressive decrease throughout 36h of storage, although the differences were not always significant. Pregnancy rates (90%) and the number of total farrowed piglets (15, 11-T1-15B; 13, 44- T2-3B) did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments. It was concluded that the semen hyperconcentration of 15 billion of mobile spermatozoa per dose, stored at 5°C for 12h, did not result in drawbacks considering the physical characteristics of the semen, maintaining the pregnancy rates and prolificacy of the inseminated sows.

Os primeiros 15mL do ejaculado (P1) de dois varrões foram coletados (30mL) e diluídos em diluidor glicina-gema de ovo, resfriados a 5°C em contêiner especial e rediluídos para doses padrão de 3x109 espermatozoides (sptz) móveis, após 12 horas de armazenamento. Além disso, foram armazenados por até 24 horas após a rediluição, sendo as características físicas avaliadas em diferentes períodos de estocagem (fresco, zero hora, 12h, Red12h, 24h e 36h) e a fertilidade avaliada por meio de fêmeas primíparas inseminadas. Foram realizados dois tratamentos: T1-15B: porcas inseminadas com sêmen de doses heterospérmicas hiperconcentradas (15x109 sptz móveis/dose), rediluídas após 12 horas de armazenamento a 5°C para doses padrão de 3x109 sptz móveis/dose, e armazenadas a 5°C por até 24 horas após a rediluição (n=10); T2-3B: porcas inseminadas com doses heterospérmicas padrão (3x109 sptz móveis/dose), armazenadas a 5°C por até 36 horas após coleta. Não houve efeito (P>0.05) dos tratamentos sobre a motilidade espermática e, embora tenha ocorrido queda (P<0.05) às 12 horas, a motilidade foi superior a 70% durante as 36 horas de armazenamento. Houve efeito (P<0.05) dos tratamentos no tempo zero hora quanto ao vigor espermático, sendo E1T1-15B superior. Além disso, houve efeito do período de estocagem para os dois tratamentos, com queda progressiva do vigor ao longo das 36 horas, embora nem sempre as diferenças tenham sido significativas. As taxas de gestação (90%) e o número total de leitões nascidos (15, 11 - T1-15B; 13, 44 - T2-3B) não diferiram (P>0.05) entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a hiperconcentração do sêmen para 15x109 sptz móveis/dose, armazenado a 5°C por 12 horas não resultou em prejuízos quanto à manutenção das características físicas do sêmen e ao desempenho reprodutivo dos varrões, sendo capaz de manter a taxa de gestação e a prolificidade das fêmeas inseminadas.

Expressão de metaloproteinases de matriz e PCNA em úlceras de córnea profundas, induzidas em coelhos, tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas / Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and PCNA in deep corneal ulcers induced in rabbits, treated with platelet-rich plasma

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do plasma rico (PRP) e pobre (PPP) em plaquetas na proliferação celular e expressão de metaloproteinases de matriz (MMPs), durante a reparação de úlceras corneais profundas. Foram utilizadas 45 coelhas, distribuídas em 3 grupos (G) experimentais (n=15), designados como grupos PRP (GR), PPP (GP) e Controle (GC), de acordo com o tratamento. Todos os animais foram submetidos à indução cirúrgica unilateral de úlcera corneal. No GR e GP, o sangue autólogo foi centrifugado, utilizando-se protocolo padronizado, e foram confeccionados os colírios de PRP e PPP, e instilados cinco vezes ao dia. No GC, foi utilizado colírio lubrificante. Cada grupo foi subdividido (n=5), segundo o momento final de avaliação, sendo 4 (M4), 7 (M7) e 30 dias (M30). As córneas dos animais foram processadas para avaliação morfológica e imuno-histoquímica para PCNA, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, MT1-MMP e TIMP1. No M4, os níveis de MMP2 foram maiores no GP e GR, sendo que, no M7, esse comportamento foi observado apenas no GP. No M30, no GR, verificou-se maior número de células epiteliais e marcação para MMP1 que o GP. No GR, a proliferação celular foi maior no M4 que nos demais momentos, e a marcação para MMP2 foi maior no M4 que no M30. O PRP estimula a proliferação celular na fase inicial (M4) do tratamento quando comparado aos demais momentos, diferentemente dos demais tratamentos. O uso de colírios de plasma rico e pobre em plaquetas influencia a expressão de metaloproteinases de matriz envolvidas no processo de reparação corneal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of platelet-rich (PRP) and poor (PPP) plasma in cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression during the repair of deep corneal ulcers. Forty-five female rabbits were distributed in 3 experimental groups (G) (n = 15), referred to as PRP (GR), PPP (GP) and Control (GC) groups, in accordance with the treatment. All animals underwent surgical induction of unilateral corneal ulcer. PRP and PPP eye drops were made by using centrifuged blood through standardized protocol, and instilled five times a day. In GC, lubricant eye drops were used. Each group was subdivided (n = 5) according to the final time point, 4 (M4), 7 (M7) and 30 days (M30). The animals' corneas were processed for morphological and immunohistochemical analysis for PCNA, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, MT1-MMP and TIMP1. In M4, the levels of MMP2 were higher in GP and GR, and in M7, this behavior was only observed in the GP. In M30, more epithelial cells and MMP1 expression were found in GR than GP. In GR, cell proliferation was higher in M4 than at other time points and MMP2 expression was higher in M4 than M30. The PRP stimulates cell proliferation in the early phase (M4) of treatment when compared to other time points, different from other treatments. The use of eye drops of platelet-rich and poor plasma influences the expression of matrix metalloproteinases involved in the corneal repair process.

Enfermedad neurllógica bovina con diagnóstico n conclusivo en la región norte de Colombia. analisis histológico e inmunohistoquímico / Neurologiol diseeases in cttle with non-conclusive diagnostic in the Coloombia northern region. histological and inmunohistochemical analyses

La enfermedad neurológica bovina genera altas pérdidas económicas en las ganaderías y algunos de sus agentes etiológicos son zoonóticos, hechos que hacen prioritario su estudio. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar antígenos del virus de la rabia y del herpes virus bovino-5 (BoHV-5) en muestras de encéfalos de bovinos archivados como casos de enfermedad neurológica con diagnóstico no conclusivo. Se seleccionaron 10 muestras del laboratorio del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario -ICA- de Montería. Los tejidos fueron analizados mediante histopatología e inmunohistoquímica; para esta última técnica fueron utilizados tres anticuerpos: dos contra antígenos del virus de la rabia a una dilución de 1:200 y uno contra BoHV-5 a una dilución de 1:100. Histológicamente en nueve casos se observaron lesiones que variaron de tipo y severidad; la identificación de antígenos del virus de la rabia se demostró en 20% (2/10) de los casos y en ningún caso se demostró la presencia BoHV-5. Se discute sobre los resultados histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos y se concluye la importancia de asociar los hallazgos de las dos técnicas para establecer la etiología de la enfermedad neurológica, especialmente en casos con diagnóstico inconcluso.

Bovine neurological disease generates high economic losses in herds and some of its etiological agents are zoonotic, situations that make priority their study. The aim of this study was to identify antigens rabies virus and bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) in cattle brain samples archived as cases of neurological disease with no conclusive diagnosis. 10 samples were selected from laboratory of the Colombian Agricultural Institute -ICA- at Monteria. Tissues were analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry techniques. For immunohistochemical analysis, three antibodies were used: two against antigens of rabies virus at a dilution of 1:200, and one against antigens of BoHV-5 at a dilution of 1:100. Histologically lesions i nine cases lesions that varied in type and severity were observed; antigens detection of rabies virus could be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in 20% (2/10) of cases and could not be demonstrated in any case the presence BoHV-5. We discuss on the histopathological and immunohistochemical finding, it is concluded on the importance of perform association of the two techniques to assist the establishing of the neurological disease etiology, especially in case without diagnostic.

Pleuris associada à criptococose em cão: relato de caso / Pleurisy associated with cryptococcosis in a dog: case report

A Criptococose é uma importante doença infecciosa fúngica, causada por uma levedura do gênero Cryptococcus, que acomete diferentes espécies inclusive o homem. Há poucos relatos na literatura sobre a criptococose pulmonar em cães. O presente trabalho relata um caso de criptococose em um cão apresentando alterações respiratórias, especialmente dispneia. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio da citologia aspirativa, após toracotomia exploratória, sendo observado um quadro de pleuris grave. O paciente foi tratado durante 90 dias com itraconazol e apresentou, ao final do tratamento, a remissão completa dos sintomas relatados...

Cryptococcosis is a major infectious disease caused by a yeast from the Cryptococcus genre which affects different species including humans. There are few reports related to pulmonary cryptococcosis in dogs. A case of Cryptococcosis in a dog showing dyspnea was described. The diagnosis was done by aspiration cytology after exploratory thoracotomy, and a picture of severe pleurisy was observed. The diagnosis was done by needle aspiration cytology after thoracotomy. Severe pleuris frame was observed. Treatment with itraconazole was performed for 90 days, and at the end of the treatment the dog presented complete remission of reported symptoms...

Comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros em confinamento, alimentados com dieta exclusiva de concentrado com diferentes porcentagens de proteína / Ingestive behavior of feedlot lambs feed with exclusive diet of concentrate with different percentages of protein

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros em confinamento, alimentados com dieta exclusiva de concentrado com diferentes porcentagens de proteína (14, 16, 18 e 20%). Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros mestiços da raça Santa Inês, não castrados, com aproximadamente 180 dias de idade, peso vivo médio de 25kg, confinados, num delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. O tempo despendido na atividade de alimentação decresceu linearmente em 0,20 hora/dia para cada 1% de aumento na porcentagem de proteína na dieta; o de ócio aumentou linearmente em 0,25 hora/dia; e o de mastigação total reduziu linearmente em 0,25 hora/dia. A elevação da porcentagem de proteína na dieta elevou linearmente a eficiência de alimentação (kg MS e FDN/hora), em 0,038 e 0,005kg/hora, respectivamente, para as frações MS e FDN. Contudo, os consumos de matéria seca (MS) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), a eficiência de ruminação (kg MS e FDN/hora), assim como o período (nº/dia) e o tempo (min) gasto por período de alimentação, ruminação e ócio não foram influenciados pelas diferentes porcentagens de proteína na dieta.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of feedlot lambs fed with an exclusive diet of concentrate with different percentages of protein (14, 16, 18, and 20%). A total of twenty four Santa Inês crossbred lambs, not castrated, with approximately 180 days of age, average live weight of 25kg, confined, in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six repetitions. The time spent on feeding decreased linearly in 0.20 hours/day for each 1% increasing in protein percentage in the diet, the idleness increased linearly in 0.25 hours/day, and the total chewing decreased linearly in 0.25 hours/day. The increase in the protein percentage in the diet increased the feed efficiency linearly (kg DM and NDF/hour) in 0.038 and 0.005kg/hour, respectively, for DM and NDF fractions. However, the intake of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the rumination efficiency (kg DM and NDF/hour), as well as the period (nº /day) and the time (min) spent on feeding, ruminating and idling were not influenced by different protein percentages in the diet.

Amamantamiento y hábitos de succión no nutritivos: un estudio de cohorte / Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habists: a cohort study

Evaluar la asociación entre hábitos de succión no nutritivos y la práctica del amamantamiento materno. Material y Métodos: Fueron realizadas entrevistas con 87 embarazadas y visitas mensualmente hasta los 6 meses de edad de los bebes, abordando preguntas sobre condiciones socio económica-culturales, práctica de amamantamiento y hábitos. Resultados: Casi la totalidad (94,7%) de las madres empezó a amamantar a los bebes en el primer mes, pero apenas el 49,7% amamantaban exclusivamente del seno. Al fin del sexto mes ninguna madre estaba amamantando exclusivamente y un 50% de los niños habían sido destetados. Los hábitos y uso de chupete fueron asociados significantemente con niños amamantados bajo amamantamiento exclusivo (p=0,0065 y 0,0270 respectivamente) y las amamantadas en el seno (los dos p<0,0001). La tasa de destete precoz fue elevada y baja la prevalencia de amamantamiento materno exclusivo, demostrando asociación entre hábitos y uso de chupete con amamantamiento materno

Verifying the association with non-nutritives suction habits and practice of breastfeeding. Material and Methods: 87 pregnants were interviewed and were monthly home visits until 6 mounths old babies, the studied variables were: social-economic-culture conditions, breast feeding pratical and non-nutritives suction habits. Results: 94.7% for mothers started breastfeeding their babies in the first month, but only 49.7% exclusively children breastfeeding. The sixth month nobody mother non-exclusively breastfed ones and 50% were weaning. The habits and pacifier users were significant association with exclusively children breastfed (p=0.0065 and 0.0270 respectively) and children breastfed (both p<0.0001). The early weaning rate was high and low rate of exclusive breastfeeding, existing association between non-nutritives suction habits and pacifier users with breastfeeding

Hemodynamic mechanisms of the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise in healthy subjects

To determine the hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the attenuated blood pressure response to mental stress after exercise, 26 healthy sedentary individuals (age 29 ± 8 years) underwent the Stroop color-word test before and 60 min after a bout of maximal dynamic exercise on a treadmill. A subgroup (N = 11) underwent a time-control experiment without exercise. Blood pressure was continuously and noninvasively recorded by infrared finger photoplethysmography. Stroke volume was derived from pressure signals, and cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. Perceived mental stress scores were comparable between mental stress tests both in the exercise (P = 0.96) and control (P = 0.24) experiments. After exercise, the blood pressure response to mental stress was attenuated (pre: 10 ± 13 vs post: 6 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.01) along with lower values of systolic blood pressure (pre: 129 ± 3 vs post: 125 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), stroke volume (pre: 89.4 ± 3.5 vs post: 76.8 ± 3.8 mL; P < 0.05), and cardiac output (pre: 7.00 ± 0.30 vs post: 6.51 ± 0.36 L/min; P < 0.05). Except for heart rate, the hemodynamic responses and the mean values during the two mental stress tests in the control experiment were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise attenuates the blood pressure response to mental stress in healthy subjects, along with lower stroke volume and cardiac output, denoting an acute modulatory action of exercise on the central hemodynamic response to mental stress.

Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats: [review]

Dogs and cats are the animals that owners most frequently seek assistance for potential poisonings, and these species are frequently involved with toxicoses due to ingestion of poisonous food. Feeding human foodstuff to pets may prove itself dangerous for their health, similarly to what is observed in Allium species toxicosis. Allium species toxicosis is reported worldwide in several animal species, and the toxic principles present in them causes the transformation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, consequently resulting in hemolytic anemia with Heinz body formation. The aim of this review is to analyze the clinicopathologic aspects and therapeutic approach of this serious toxicosis of dogs and cats in order to give knowledge to veterinarians about Allium species toxicosis, and subsequently allow them to correctly diagnose this disease when facing it; and to educate pet owners to not feed their animals with Allium-containg food in order to better control this particular life-threatening toxicosis.

Comparison of different diagnostic tests in dogs uninfected and naturally infected with visceral leishmaniasis

Uninfected dogs (n = 10) and those naturally infected with leishmaniasis (n = 10) were subjected to several diagnostic tests, namely: hemoculture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of hemoculture, indirect immunofluorescence (RIFI), cytological examination of lymph node aspirate, culture of lymph node aspirate and PCR of lymph node aspirate. RIFI - followed by PCR of lymph node aspirate culture - presented more positive results in infected dogs than in uninfected ones. In infected animals, RIFI was more effective than PCR of lymph node aspirate culture. There was no statistical difference in positivity between RIFI and hemoculture; lymph node aspirate culture/cytological examination of lymph node aspirate and PCR of hemoculture; and between PCR of lymph node aspirate culture and PCR of hemoculture. All infected and uninfected animals had positive and negative results in at least one test. In conclusion, the association of several tests improves the efficacy of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis.

Influência do tamanho e da rigidez dos objetos nos ajustes proximais e distais do alcance de lactentes / Influence of object size and rigidity on proximal and distal adjustments to infant reaching

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Estudos têm identificado que as propriedades dos objetos induzem os ajustes no alcance; no entanto, poucos investigaram a influência específica do tamanho e rigidez dos objetos em lactentes jovens. OBJETIVO: Verificar se lactentes de 4 a 6 meses realizam ajustes proximais e distais ao alcançarem objetos de diferentes tamanhos e rigidez. MÉTODOS: Nove lactentes saudáveis foram posicionados em uma cadeira inclinada a 50º. Quatro objetos foram apresentados, um rígido grande (RG), um rígido pequeno (RP), um maleável grande (MG) e um maleável pequeno (MP), por um período de 1 minuto cada. Em um total de 384 alcances, foram analisados os ajustes proximais (alcance uni e bimanual) e distais (orientação da mão horizontal, vertical e oblíqua; mão aberta, fechada e semi-aberta) e o sucesso do alcance dos objetos. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se ajuste bimanual para o objeto RG e unimanual para os demais. A orientação da mão oblíqua foi predominante no toque dos objetos, enquanto para a preensão dos mesmos, a predominância foi a vertical, principalmente para o objeto RG. A orientação horizontal não foi observada na preensão do objeto RG. A mão semi-aberta foi mais freqüente no início do alcance para todos os objetos, enquanto no toque do objeto RG a mão aberta foi predominante. O sucesso do alcance foi maior para os objetos maleáveis (MG, MP) do que para os rígidos (RG e RP). CONCLUSÃO: Lactentes jovens estudados são capazes de planejar e ajustar seus movimentos baseados na percepção das propriedades físicas dos objetos, o que sugere interação percepção-ação.

BACKGROUND: Studies have identified that object properties lead to adjustments to reaching. However, few have investigated the specific influence of object size and rigidity among young infants. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether four to six-month-old infants make proximal and distal adjustments when reaching for objects of different sizes and rigidity. METHOD: Nine healthy infants were seated on a chair inclined at 50º. Four objects were presented to them: one large rigid (LR), one small rigid (SR), one large malleable (LM) and one small malleable object (SM), each for a one-minute period. A total of 384 reaches were analyzed to verify proximal adjustments (single-hand and two-hand reaching) and distal adjustments (horizontal, vertical and oblique hand orientation; opened, closed and half-open hand), and the success in reaching the objects. RESULTS: The infants exhibited two-hand adjustments for the LR object and single-hand adjustments for the other objects. Oblique orientation was predominant for touching the objects, while vertical orientation was predominant for grasping them, particularly the LR object. Horizontal orientation was not observed for grasping the LR object. At the start of reaching for all objects, the hands were most frequently half-open, while the hands were predominantly open when touching the LR object. Success was greater when reaching for malleable objects (LM, SM) than for rigid objects (LR and SR). CONCLUSION: The young infants studied were capable of planning and adjusting their movements on the basis of their perceptions of the physical properties of the objects, which suggests that perception-action interaction was occurring.

Neobexiga ileal ortotópica após cistoprostatectomia radical e, cão com neoplasia vesical

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação do estado nutricional de cadelas com câncer de mama

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Mesotelioma abdominal em cão. Relato de caso

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Expressäo dos filamentos intermediários no diagnóstico dos tumores mamários de cadelas / Expression of intermediate filaments in canine mammary tumors diagnosis

Foram utilizados anticorpos monoclonais para marcaçäo imunoistoquímica dos tecidos tumorais e obtençäo de informaçöes sobre a histogênese dos tumores mamários utilizando-se anti-citoqueratinas para marcaçäo de células epiteliais, e anti-actina e anti-vimentina para células mioepiteliais. O procedimento imunoistoquímico mostrou-se esclarecedor com relaçäo à histogênese dos tumores mamários, confirmando a marcaçäo de células epiteliais com as citoqueratinas que perdem sua expressäo na transformaçäo celular maligna. A alfa-actina e a vimentina mostraram-se eficientes na marcaçäo de células mioepiteliais. A alfa-actina diminuiu a marcaçäo na metaplasia óssea ou cartilaginosa contrariamente à vimentina cuja marcaçäo foi aumentada. Os resultados permitem melhor entendimento da classificaçäo dos tumores mamários de cadelas com a utilizaçäo de anticorpos monoclonais como marcadores do citoesqueleto, que se mostraram eficientes nessa caracterizaçäo

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder in dogs: two cases

Relata-se a ocorrência de dois casos de pseudotumor inflamatório na bexiga de cäes, enfatizando a importância de reconhecer o caráter benigno dessas lesöes, evitando uma abordagem terapêutica agressiva como conseqüência de um diagnóstico equivocado

A influencia da postura sobre o estado comportamental e a coordenacao mao boca do bebe / Behavior of babies in different body posture

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar a tolerncia dos bebes em permanecer em uma superficie rigida e a coordenacao mao-boca. Foram estudados 17 bebes saudaveis, idade media = 64,47 dias (+- 45,29). estes foram filmados em estado de alerta nas posturas supina e prona sobre uma mesa de madeira, por um periodo maximo de 300 segundos. Considerou-se tolerancia quando o bebe permanecia em estado de alerta e intolerancia quando apresentava choro, no qual o teste era interrompido. A frequencia e o tempo de permanencia da coordenacao mao-boca foram verificados pela analise das fitas de video. Constatou-se que 82,35 por cento dos bebes demonstraram intolerancia a postura prona, enquanto 29,41 por cento a supina. O teste nao parametrico de Wilcoxon demonstrou diferenca significativa entre as posturas estudadas (p=0,0026). Verificou-se que o periodo medio de tolerancia em supino foi de 248 s (+-101) e em prono, foi de 161,4 s (+-101,5). A coordenacao mao-boca foi verificada em 23,53 por cento dos bebes em uma frequencia media de 1,66 (+- 0,57), qundo na postura supina. Desses, 5,8 por cento permaneceram com a mao em contato com a boca por um tempo medio de 2 s. Em prono, 29,14 por cento dos bebes apresentaram a coordenacao mao-boca em uma frequencia media de 2,25(+- 1,25) e o tempo medio de permanencia foi de 20,3 s (+-20,88). Conclui-se que a postura prona e pouco tolerada pelos bebes, no entanto, favorece a coordenacao mao-boca. Portanto, deve ser incentivada em momentos de intervencao fisioterapeutica