Histological changes caused by meclofenamic acid in androgen independent prostate cancer tumors: evaluation in a mouse model

ABSTRACT Meclofenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has shown therapeutic potential for different types of cancers, including androgen-independent prostate neoplasms. The antitumor effect of diverse nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to be accompanied by histological and molecular changes that are responsible for this beneficial effect. The objective of the present work was to analyze the histological changes caused by meclofenamic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Tumors were created in a nude mouse model using PC3 cancerous human cells. Meclofenamic acid (10 mg/kg/day; experimental group, n=5) or saline solution (control group, n=5) was administered intraperitoneally for twenty days. Histological analysis was then carried out on the tumors, describing changes in the cellular architecture, fibrosis, and quantification of cellular proliferation and tumor vasculature. Meclofenamic acid causes histological changes that indicate less tumor aggression (less hypercellularity, fewer atypical mitoses, and fewer nuclear polymorphisms), an increase in fibrosis, and reduced cellular proliferation and tumor vascularity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular changes that cause the beneficial and therapeutic effects of meclofenamic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Comparación de dos métodos diagnósticos en tumores mamarios en un Centro de Cancerología de Colima, México / Comparing two diagnostic methods used for breast neoplasm in a cancer centre in Colima, Mexico

Objetivo Determinar la relación entre los hallazgos de tumores mediante mamografía y el diagnóstico histopatológico de los mismos. Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron pacientes del Centro Estatal de Cancerología de la ciudad de Colima, México. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: mujeres con mamografía y calificación BIRADS; mujeres con biopsia y diagnóstico histopatológico; mujeres de todas las edades, todos los estadios clínicos y con expediente clínico completo. Para la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron las frecuencias, porcentajes, promedios y desviación estándar. Para la estadística inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas de t de Student, de chi cuadrada y el cálculo del OR e IC (95 por ciento). Las diferencias se consideran significativas cuando p<0,05. Resultados Al relacionar las categorías del BIRADS, dependiendo de la probabilidad de benignidad (BIRADS I-II-III) o malignidad (BIRADS IV-V) con los resultados histopatológicos (benigno o maligno), no se encontró relación (p=0,0666). En un análisis individual por categoría, las relaciones significativas fueron: categoría IV (OR=0,024, IC=0,005-0,11, p=0,0007) y categoría V (OR=40,5, IC=9,03-181,3, p=0,0002). Conclusiones La clasificación BIRADS I, III y V tuvo relación con el diagnóstico histopatológico, mientras que en el II y IV no hubo esta relación. Sin embargo, los únicos resultados estadísticamente significativos se obtuvieron en las categorías IV y V.

Objective Determining the relationship between mammography neoplasm reports and histopathological diagnosis of neoplasms. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Patients were included who were attending the state cancerology centre (Centro Estatal de Cancerología) in Colima, Mexico. Inclusion parameters were: females having mammography and BIRADS score of 1 or over; females having biopsy and histopathology diagnosis; females of all ages, all clinic stages having a complete clinic record. Frequency, percentages, means and standard deviations were applied for descriptive statistics. Student's t-test, the Chi square test, OR and 95 percentCI were applied for inferential statistics. Differences were considered to be significant when p<0.05. Results No relationship between a BIRADS score classified as being benign (BIRADS I-II-III) or malign (BIRADS IV-V) was found with histopathological results (benign or malign) (p=0.0666). Significant relationships by category were found in a separate analysis: category IV (OR=0.024, 95 percentCI=0.005-0.11, p=0.0007) and category V (OR=40.5, 95 percentCI=9.03-181.3, p=0.0002). Conclusions I, III and V BIRADS scores had a relationship with histopathological diagnosis, while category II and IV BIRADS scores had no relationship. However, only categories 4 and5 were statistically significant.